Design of Experiments to Investigate Geometric Effects on Fluid Leakage Rate in a Balance Drum Seal

Morgan, Neal R.; Wood, Houston G.; Untăroiu, Alexandrina

doi:10.1115/1.4032416

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In numerical simulations and experimental studies, Goa et al 14 studied the effect of geometrical shape of new balance drum recess on the kinetic coefficients of seal ring rotor, the result shows that the gap leakage is less affected by the prerotation and rotation speed of the rotor. Morgan 15 studied the effect of the balance drum gap recess and exit angle on the seal leakage through DOE test. Carmicino et al 16 applied the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method to numerically calculate the impeller and balance drum in an interphase secondary flow system, the results show that the axial forces predicted by the RANS method agrees well with the experimental results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the balance force regulation method of multi-stage pump balance drum system

Chen

Lihuan

Zhipeng³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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Balanced drum systems are widely used in high-pressure multi-stage pump axial force balancing mechanisms. When the pump working, the fluid (solid-fluid mixture) collides with each other or rubs against the pump case, and the balance drum is affected by this situation for a long time, so wear of the balance drum gap occurs from time to time. The first is to study how the axial force of the multistage pump changes at different balance drum gap sizes in this paper. Based on the energy equation and momentum equation, and on the basis of maintaining the original balance force unchanged, a new equation of resistance pressure difference relationship is established. The corresponding relationship between balance drum gap and balance pipe orifice plate is obtained by solving this equation. The result shows that the larger the balance drum gap, the greater the balance drum balance force decreases obviously, and the multistage pump residual axial force increases in multiples. The adjustment formula of balance force can be used to obtain the radial size of the balance pipe orifice plate under different balance drum gap, when the gap increases, to keep the balance force constant, the diameter of the orifice plate should be increased gradually. After adjusting the balance force, the fluid velocity uniformity and velocity average angle of balance pipe increases, the flow pattern in the pipe becomes uniform, the gap leakage increases and the pump efficiency decreases. The pump hydraulic properties and balancing the axial force have an opposing relationship, that is, by promoting the drum balance force, the pump hydraulic properties will be reduced. Due to processing balance drum is complex, frequent replacement is time-consuming and costly, so this article provides a handy approach for enhancing the balance force of balance drum, the results of the study can provide guarantees for the balance drum system optimization and long period stable operation of the multistage pump.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the balance force regulation method of multi-stage pump balance drum system

Chen

Lihuan

Zhipeng³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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“…Through DOE test design, Morgan et al 24 studied the influence of the groove shape and outlet angle of the balance drum clearance on the size of the vortex in the clearance and the seal leakage. Carmicino et al 25 used Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) method to perform numerical calculations on the impeller and balance drum in the complex phase secondary system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through DOE test design, Morgan et al. 24 studied the influence of the groove shape and outlet angle of the balance drum clearance on the size of the vortex in the clearance and the seal leakage. Carmicino et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation and verification of balance force of multistage pump balance drum

Chen

Luo

Yang

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The axial force balancing capacity of a balance drum is a key factor affecting the life of multi-stage centrifugal pumps. At present, the traditional calculation formula of the balance force of a balance drum is mainly obtained by modifying the relationship between the last-stage impeller head and the total head through empirical coefficient, and the calculation result is less sensitive to the change of the balance drum clearance. However, many studies have shown that the increase of clearance is the main factor affecting the balance force of a balance drum. In addition, the cost of measuring the balance force of a balance drum is relatively high. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to derive the mathematical expression and to propose a simple method for measuring the balance force of a balance drum. According to the resistance equation of clearance fluid and the N-S equation under cylindrical coordinate system, the variation laws of the pressure difference along axial and radial directions in the two sides of the balance drum clearance were derived. And the mathematical formula of the balance force of a balance drum, the balance drum clearance leakage and the balance tube flow was established. The new derived formula calculation results were compared with the traditional formula calculation results and the numerical calculation results. The results show that: at nominal flow rate, the mean value of the pressure difference of a balance drum increases in a parabolic shape along the radial direction. When the clearance increases from 0.1 to 0.35 mm, the relative error of the balance force between the traditional formula calculation and the numerical calculation is 71.1%, 58.5%, 19.6%, 8.1%, −18.6% and −32.31%, while that between the new formula calculation and the numerical calculation is 3.08%, 6.21%, 4.82%, 1.17%, 3.42% and 6.58%, indicating that the new derived formula can accurately calculate the balance force of a balance drum. In addition, according to the new derived formula, the balance force of a balance drum can be measured directly by the flow rate of the balance tube, which provides a theoretical support for dynamic monitoring of the balance force of a balance drum in engineering.

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“…To understand the flow characteristics of the labyrinth seal more fully, and to improve the design performance in labyrinth seals, three methods are mostly used in the available publications: experimental [14][15][16], mathematical computation [17][18][19], and numerical simulation [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an established industrial design tool that helps to reduce design time scales and improve processes throughout the engineering world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Four Types of Pre-swirls on the Leakage, Flow Field, and Fluid-Induced Force of the Rotary Straight-through Labyrinth Gas Seal

Wang¹,

He²

2019

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

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The labyrinth seal in turbomachinery is a key element that restricts leakage flow among rotor-stator clearances from high-pressure regions to low-pressure regions. The fluid-induced forces on the rotor from seals during machine operation must be accurately quantified to predict their dynamic behavior effectively. To understand the fluid-induced force characteristics of the labyrinth seal more fully, the effects of four types of pre-swirls on the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of a rotary straight-through labyrinth gas seal (RSTLGS) were numerically investigated using the proposed steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method based on the three-dimensional models of the RSTLGS. The leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS for six axial pre-swirl velocities, four radial preswirl angles, four circumferential positive pre-swirl angles, and four circumferential negative pre-swirl angles were computed under the same geometrical parameters and operational conditions. Mesh analysis ensures the accuracy of the present steady CFD method. The numerical results show that the four types of pre-swirls influence the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS. The axial pre-swirl velocity remarkably inhibits the fluid-induced force, and the circumferential positive pre-swirl angle and circumferential negative pre-swirl angle remarkably promote the fluid-induced force. The effects of the radial pre-swirl angle on the fluid-induced force are complicated, and the pressure forces and viscous forces show the maximum or minimum values at a specific radial pre-swirl angle. The pre-swirl has a negligible impact on the leakage. The four types of pre-swirls affect the leakage, flow field, and fluidinduced force of the RSTLGS to varying degrees. The pre-swirl is the influence factor affecting the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS. The conclusions will help to understand the fluid-induced force of labyrinth seals more fully, by providing helpful suggestions for engineering practices and a theoretical basis to analyze the fluid-structure interaction of the seal-rotor system in future research. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Design of Experiments to Investigate Geometric Effects on Fluid Leakage Rate in a Balance Drum Seal

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Study on the balance force regulation method of multi-stage pump balance drum system

Study on the balance force regulation method of multi-stage pump balance drum system

Calculation and verification of balance force of multistage pump balance drum

Effects of Four Types of Pre-swirls on the Leakage, Flow Field, and Fluid-Induced Force of the Rotary Straight-through Labyrinth Gas Seal

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