Design of AZO film for optically transparent antennas

Zamudio, M. E.; Busani, Tito; Tawk, Y.; Costantine, J.; Christodoulou, C.G.

doi:10.1109/aps.2016.7695772

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…However, transparent conducting oxides have manifold applications including touch screens and front contacts for displays or solar cells. Commonly used transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are indium-tin-oxide (ITO) [26], fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) [27], aluminum-zinc-oxide [28] and gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) [9]. Numerous research approaches can be seen utilizing these metals in transparent antenna fabrication.…”

Section: A Transparent Conducting Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible Transparent Antennas: Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects

Sayem

Lalbakhsh

Buckley

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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Optically transparent electronic devices have attracted enormous interests in recent years. The development of transparent electronics emerges a lot of new industrial applications in variety of fields, such as displays, glasses, solar panels, satellite communications, terrestrial communications, integrated circuits, and sensors where optical transparency is required for unobtrusive placement of electronic devices on the surface. Over the last couple of years, there have been notable advancements in the development of transparent wireless electronics due to the emerge of new materials and fabrication technologies. Among transparent electronic devices, transparent antennas attract tremendous interests due to their widespread applications in healthcare industry, security sector, defence, sports, smart city, internet of things (IoTs) and many more. Many of these applications require antennas that are concurrently transparent and flexible. A transparent and flexible antenna can be easily integrated with displays, windows, solar cells and optoelectronic modules, thus, reducing the space in the integrated circuits. However, still the development of flexible-transparent electronics is associated with some challenges which continue to impede the progress of this emerging field. Among them are the contradictory relationship between the electrical conductivity and optical transparency of the transparent conductors, costly and complex processing of the transparent materials and unavailability of the appropriate materials. In this paper, we discuss current advancements in the development of flexible transparent antennas, including potential applications, various enabling materials and manufacturing approaches, technical hurdles, as well as prospects.

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Section: A Transparent Conducting Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The developed antenna had a gain of 0.43 dBi. [28] reported a transparent antenna array developed from AZO film. The developed antenna array achieved a gain of 5 dBi.…”

Section: A Transparent Conducting Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Transparent Antennas: Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects

Sayem

Lalbakhsh

Buckley

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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“…[ 13,88–92 ] Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) include ITO, [ 19,26,48,51,52,78,93–96 ] gallium‐doped zinc oxide (GZO), [ 11 ] and aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO). [ 55,97 ] Conductive polymers are dominated by poly(3,4‐ethylene‐dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). [ 49,98,99 ] Meanwhile, carbon nanomaterials contain carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [ 100–102 ] and graphene.…”

Section: Printable Materials For Transparent Rf Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically Transparent and Flexible Radio Frequency Electronics through Printing Technologies

Akhter

Vaseem

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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on several nonplanar objects and worn by humans, they must be mechanically flexible. Moreover, to maintain the abundance of such wireless devices in a smart city and still maintain the aesthetics, it is desirable that they be optically transparent. Finally, to afford this IoT revolution, in which billions of devices are required, the cost of an individual device must be extremely low. As displayed in Figure 1, this new form of transparent RF electronics can help in many smart city applications without affecting the functions of the existing structures where they will be deployed. For example, specially designed periodic structures, namely reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), can enhance the 5G and beyond communication by increasing the coverage area, spectrum, and energy efficiency. [7] Transparent RIS integrated on buildings, cars, and train windows can optimize the reflection and transmission characteristics of the 5G signal according to the user positions via tunable and switchable devices. [8] Transparent antennas on cars can provide diverse connectivity for radio, GPS, television, smartphones, and so on while maintaining aesthetics. [9][10][11] This can likewise serve as a mainstream technology for autonomous cars, which would rely on radar antennas on the car body. Another example is a transparent frequency selective surface (FSS), which is a periodic structure for selectively shielding from unwanted frequency bands while allowing the bands of interest to pass through. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Other examples of transparent RF electronics include RF circuits, [18] EM absorbers, [19][20][21] RF shielding, [22][23][24][25] and RF energy harvesting. [26,27] A highly suitable approach to realize this new form of mechanically flexible and optically transparent RF electronics is via printing technologies. Printed electronics (PE), as the name suggests, are electronic devices manufactured using traditional printing technologies. Compared with conventional fabrication techniques, such as milling, photolithography, and etching, [11,18,20,28,29] printing has many merits that make it suitable for the subsequent generations of electronics, such as ease of mass production with simple procedures, lower costs, higher throughput, and the ability to work with flexible materials and substrates. PE technologies allow for the direct deposition of various materials, including conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics, among others, on different flexible substrates to form 2D and 3D patterns. PE has been widely

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“…Aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO), however, provides an environmentally friendly and potentially low-cost alternative to ITO. It has also good high-frequency properties, which is especially beneficial in the UHF RFID applications [129], [130]. Power marginal (dB)…”

Section: Transparent Transponders Based On Azomentioning

confidence: 99%