“…The performance of solar cells is affected by the nanostructure designs that have been used, such as nano-holes [ 15 , 16 ], nanorods [ 17 ], nanopyramids [ 18 ], and nanowires [ 19 ]. Furthermore, previous research found that localized surface plasmons (LSPs) are sensitive to the type of material, such as silver [ 20 , 21 ], gold [ 6 , 22 ], indium [ 23 ], and aluminum [ 7 ]. In addition, localized and propagating surface plasmons are highly affected by the size [ 7 ], periodicity [ 7 ], and shape [ 24 ] of the nanostructure.…”