Design of a Two-Dimensional Ballistocardiograph 1

Braunstein, John R.; Oelker, Cecil E.; Gowdy, Robert C.

doi:10.1172/jci102360

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the toxemic group, the intravenous infusion of Arfonad in doses varying from 8 Total peripheral resistance was calculated from the formula: R = 'O where R represents CO total peripheral resistance, Pm average estimations of mean arterial pressure and CO average values for cardiac output. The values for total peripheral resistance in the normal nonpregnant and normal pregnant subjects were approximately the same but they were slightly higher than normal values reported by Goldring and Chassis.…”

Section: Animal Experiments Carried Outmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the Hemodynamic Properties of a Thiophanium Derivative, Ro 2-2222 (Arfonad), in Human Subjects

1953

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Observations on the hemodynamic properties of a thiophanium derivative (Arfonad) have been made on normotensive nonpregnant and pregnant subjects and on patients with hypertensive complications of pregnancy. The drug was given by single intravenous injections and by intravenous drip infusion. The hypotensive effects of single injections where compared with those of a standard tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) test. The authors observed that the hemodynamic effects of Arfonad were similar in some respects to those of tetraethylammonium chloride or spinal anesthesia. A fall in the cardiac output occurred when the blood pressure fell following Arfonad administration. The authors discuss these hemodynamic effects in terms of differences in response to ganglionic blocking agents of the various groups of subjects studied.

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Section: Animal Experiments Carried Outmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the Hemodynamic Properties of a Thiophanium Derivative, Ro 2-2222 (Arfonad), in Human Subjects

1953

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“…After the subjects chewed commercial tobacco, the pulse rate of 1 remained constant and the pulse rates of 14 increased markedly (FIGURES 3,4). The range of increase was from 1 to 24 beats/min., with an average increase of 13.4 beats/min.…”

Section: Chewersmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Acute Effect of Chewing Tobacco and Smoking in Habitual Users*

Simon

Iglauer

1960

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The circulatory effects of tobacco were studied in 14 young male cigarette smokers without cardiovascular disease,' 24 habitual users of chewing tobacco,l and 25 cigar and pipe smokers3 following the use of these various forms of tobacco. The same methods of study were used in all observations of smokers and chewers.Studies were carried out in the basal postabsorptive state on each subject on three separate days. On one day low-nicotine tobacco was smoked in a constant temperature room, and on another day regular tobacco was smoked. On a third day the effect of high-nicotine tobacco on the ballistocardiogram was determined; the order of studies was variable. Skin temperatures were measured in a constant temperature room at 78" F. (25.6' C.) and 40 per cent relative humidity from copper-constantan thermocouples attached to the forehead and the volar surfaces of the fingers and toes, employing a Brown constant-recording potentiometer. Changes of 0.5" C. were considered significant. Blood pressures and pulses were obtained by the usual clinical method. The ballistocardiograms were recorded with a high-frequency table-type research instrum e~~t .~The subjects were supine and unclothed and rested for at least 45 min. prior to smoking or chewing. The period of smoking or chewing was 20 min.The young cigarette smokers were 14 convalescent male patients, without cardiovascular disease, from the surgical service of the Cincinnati General Hospital and three normal male volunteers, all of whom were habitual smokers. Their ages ranged between 16 and 41 (average age-27.2).Each subject, smoked two low-nicotine cigarettes through a silica filter on the first day and one or two ordinary cigarettes, with no filter, on the second and third day.The tobacco chewers were 24 male volunteers who chewed tobacco habitually; their ages ranged between 34 and 71 years (average age-51.1).Each subject chewed, on alternate days, a full mouthful of low-nicotine chewing tobacco (0.31 to 0.47 per cent nicotine) and a regular commercial brand (1.53 per cent nicotine). Chewing gum was used in several subjects as a placebo. The average amount of tobacco chewed weighed 10 gm.The cigar and pipe smokers were 25 habitual male smokers; their ages ranged between 21 and 69 years. Eight subjects were studied while sham-smoking unlighted pipes or cigars under identical conditions. The commercial cigars were a well-known brand containing 1.82 per cent nicotine (moisture-free basis). The low-nicotine cigars were a commercially available brand containing 0.88 per cent nicotine. The pipe tobacco used was a commercial brand containing 2.15 per cent nicotine (moisture-free basis). Pipe tobacco containing 0.72 per cent nicotine was used for the low-nicotine studies.

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“…Early ballistic cardiography devices registered the forces exerted in the longitudinal axis of the body. Afterwards some alternative approaches were studied, such as lateral plane [ 121 ], and multidimensional vector registration [ 122 - 124 ]. Nevertheless, only the longitudinal measurement technique prevailed to our days.…”

Section: Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory and Developments in an Unobtrusive Cardiovascular System Representation: Ballistocardiography

Pinheiro¹,

Postolache²,

Girão³

2010

TOBEJ

139

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Due to recent technological improvements, namely in the field of piezoelectric sensors, ballistocardiography – an almost forgotten physiological measurement – is now being object of a renewed scientific interest.Transcending the initial purposes of its development, ballistocardiography has revealed itself to be a useful informative signal about the cardiovascular system status, since it is a non-intrusive technique which is able to assess the body’s vibrations due to its cardiac, and respiratory physiological signatures.Apart from representing the outcome of the electrical stimulus to the myocardium – which may be obtained by electrocardiography – the ballistocardiograph has additional advantages, as it can be embedded in objects of common use, such as a bed or a chair. Moreover, it enables measurements without the presence of medical staff, factor which avoids the stress caused by medical examinations and reduces the patient’s involuntary psychophysiological responses.Given these attributes, and the crescent number of systems developed in recent years, it is therefore pertinent to revise all the information available on the ballistocardiogram’s physiological interpretation, its typical waveform information, its features and distortions, as well as the state of the art in device implementations.

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Design of a Two-Dimensional Ballistocardiograph 1

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

Observations on the Hemodynamic Properties of a Thiophanium Derivative, Ro 2-2222 (Arfonad), in Human Subjects

Observations on the Hemodynamic Properties of a Thiophanium Derivative, Ro 2-2222 (Arfonad), in Human Subjects

The Acute Effect of Chewing Tobacco and Smoking in Habitual Users*

Theory and Developments in an Unobtrusive Cardiovascular System Representation: Ballistocardiography

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