Design of a Twelve-Port MIMO Antenna System for Multi-Mode 4G/5G Smartphone Applications Based on Characteristic Mode Analysis

Dong, Jian; Wang, Shan; Mo, Jinjun

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2994068

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, the interest on Characteristic Modes Analysis (CMA) in modern applications [22] has increased due to the possibility of exciting different orthogonal modes on a radiating ground plane of a hand-held device for MIMO compatibility. CMA has been applied to several planar solutions that have been proposed for MIMO systems covering different bands with low coupling [23]- [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Port Wide-Band Cavity-Backed Antenna With Isolating X-Shaped Block for Sub-6 GHz 5G Indoor Base Stations

et al. 2021

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A four-port wideband cavity-backed antenna is presented for indoor base stations applications. The antenna is composed of a square open cavity with an X-shaped isolating block and 4 feeding monopoles symmetrically and orthogonally arranged in the aperture of the cavity. A novel methodology based on Characteristic Modes Analysis (CMA) is used for identifying the modes which are contributing to the coupling. As a result of this analysis, an X-shaped isolating block placed at the center of the cavity is proposed for increasing the isolation between ports. A wide-band four-port antenna with unidirectional radiation patterns is obtained with a measured impedance bandwidth (S 11 <-10 dB) ranging from 1.55 to 6 GHz (118%), covering most of the sub-6 GHz 5G bands. The proposed antenna provides four independent radiation patterns, with 16 dB of measured minimum isolation between ports and an efficiency higher than 84%. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) compatibility is confirmed with a 4×4 MIMO simulated system with an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC)<0.5 in different propagation conditions. The antenna is easy to fabricate and presents a compact size of 129.5×129.5×28.2 mm 3 (0.68λ×0.68λ×0.15λ, at a frequency f=f min =1.55 GHz). Moreover, the antenna has the advantage of avoiding complex feeding structures with baluns or directional couplers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Port Wide-Band Cavity-Backed Antenna With Isolating X-Shaped Block for Sub-6 GHz 5G Indoor Base Stations

et al. 2021

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“…So, it is difficult to predict its intrinsic physical characteristics such as feed location, surface current distributions, and radiation patterns. The aforementioned issues are resolved by an intuitive classical approach based characteristics mode analysis (CMA) [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50], as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics Mode Analysis: A Review of Its Concepts, Recent Trends, State-of-the-Art Developments and Its Interpretation With a Fractal Uwb Mimo Antenna

Mohanty¹,

Behera²

2021

PIER B

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In this article, we present a compact and efficient diametrically-fed dual port fractal UWB MIMO antenna for portable handheld wireless devices. The electromagnetic behaviour on conducting body is analyzed through classical approach based characteristics mode analysis (CMA). Their intrinsic characteristics are explored on the basis of (a) modal surface current distributions, (b) narrow/broad bandwidth capability, and (c) radiation potentials. Concurrent analysis is persuaded on a diametricallyfed dual-port fed fractal conducting surface, which provides interesting facets on the combinatory effect of electromagnetic performance and physical behaviour on metallic radiator, metallic ground planes (unconnected/connected) and combination of two aforementioned metallic compact geometries. Theoretical insights are investigated for essential/non-essential modes existing in proposed geometry. The investigation through CMA also gives plethoric information on the feed location of antenna on modal surface currents and similar trends to capture its radiation potentials on the current nulls existing in the physical body. A broad classification of modes is explained, covering the CMA modal dynamics such as (a) characteristics angle (CA), (b) eigenvalues (EV), and (c) modal significance (MS). These additive parameters in general reflect the resemblance of Q-factor ≈ B.W. for narrowband/wideband traits, electrically/magnetically coupled energy behaviour, and radiative potential for far-field propagation. Thus, in a nutshell , it can be concluded that 'CMA provides physically intuitive guidance for the analysis and designing of antenna structures'. To support the findings highlighted in this particular study, a concise review about the theory of characteristic modes and the practical examples that use such concepts are taken into consideration.

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“…Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) been applied to understand the operating principles and use them to optimize the antenna's geometrical structure and performance [1]. The insight provided on the antenna radiating phenomenon makes it an efficient tool for designing antenna [2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quick Approximation Method for Estimating the Dimensions of Patch Antennas using CMA

Elias

Soh

Al‐Hadi

2021

2021 15th International Conference on Advanced Technologies, Systems and Services in Telecommunications (TELSIKS)

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In this paper, a quick method for estimating the patch width is presented using CMA. The proposed method can be completed in four steps, based on the relationship between the patch width as the variable and different resonant frequencies, and has been validated using four substrates. This method is advantageous as it facilitates antenna designers in estimating the width of the radiator patch using only CMA without the effects of substrate and excitation. Basically, the generated formula enables the calculation of the actual patch width by simply substituting the width of the patch produced based on one of the CMA's characteristic angle. This parameter which is originally used to find the natural resonant frequency of the structure makes the proposed method time-and resource-efficient. The set of obtained results have been validated to be realistic with satisfactory accuracy.

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Design of a Twelve-Port MIMO Antenna System for Multi-Mode 4G/5G Smartphone Applications Based on Characteristic Mode Analysis

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

Four-Port Wide-Band Cavity-Backed Antenna With Isolating X-Shaped Block for Sub-6 GHz 5G Indoor Base Stations

Four-Port Wide-Band Cavity-Backed Antenna With Isolating X-Shaped Block for Sub-6 GHz 5G Indoor Base Stations

Characteristics Mode Analysis: A Review of Its Concepts, Recent Trends, State-of-the-Art Developments and Its Interpretation With a Fractal Uwb Mimo Antenna

A Quick Approximation Method for Estimating the Dimensions of Patch Antennas using CMA

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