Design of a Successful Low Emissions Burner

Lewis, G. D.; Holladay, T. E.

doi:10.1115/80-gt-12

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For lean, homogenous, prevaporized combustion systems, this equation can be used directly to predict NO 5 as was demonstrated [3]. For equivalence ratios above 0.8 or for nonhomogenous flames (droplet burning or diffusion gaseous-fuel flames), however, oxygen depletion prohibits the use of equation 1 to predict NO x directly.…”

Section: Fundamental Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prediction of NOx Emissions

Lewis

1981

Volume 2: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A procedure has been developed for predicting the formation of NOx in gas turbine combustion systems operating at various conditions and on a variety of fuels, if the NOx produced by that engine is known for any one combination of fuel and operating condition. The predictions are based on a fundamental relationship between NOx formation and flame temperature with empirical adjustments for the special cases of fuel changes and water injection. Engine data indicate that the predictions are accurate within the data scatter limits that are normally encountered in engine field measurements. This work is not intended as a new kinetic model of NOx formation but rather as a useful tool for the engineer who has to predict what his engine will do under conditions where it has not yet been tested. It divides the NOx formation process into factors measurable by the engineer, i.e., flame temperature, pressure, and fuel flow rate, and shows how each of these contributes to the overall NOx in a predictable way.

show abstract

Section: Fundamental Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prediction of NOx Emissions

Lewis

1981

Volume 2: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Modern compressor and turbine aerodynamics are used to improve efficiency and output power. Low emissions combustor technology developed for UTC's FT4 industrial engine [7] is adapted to the silo combustors. Turbine cooling improvements allow a 260 c F (126.6 c C) increase in turbine inlet temperature.…”

Section: Evolutionary Baseload Gas Turbinementioning

confidence: 99%

A Baseload Gas Turbine to Meet Utility Requirements for Reliability and Availability

Grevstad

Smith

Duncan

1982

Journal of Engineering for Power

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The coal gasifier, gas turbine, combined cycle is a superior baseload electric generating system. It promises lower fuel cost, lower operating and maintenance cost, and superior siting and environmental characteristics over conventional steam systems with flue gas clean up and fluidized bed combined cycle systems. Two major new components are required: 1) the coal gasifier, and 2) the baseload gas turbine. Several candidate gasifier systems are emerging from development for other applications. Existing gas turbines primarily reflect characteristics of peaking power units. Application of such design philosophies to the demanding performance and durability requirements of baseload operation is questionable. The baseload gas turbine must be designed with the high reliability, high availability, low maintenance characteristics associated with steam turbines. This paper summarizes United Technologies Corporation's investigation of a new gas turbine designed specifically for baseload service with a coal gasifier fueled combined cycle. The design of this machine results from a cooperative effort by Kraftwerk Union, United Technologies Corporation, and Electric Power Research Institute. Need for a Baseload Gas TurbineThe gas turbine combined cycle, fueled by a coal gasifier, is a superior "coal-fired" central station, baseload electric generating system. This is the conclusion of many studies which have examined the question of how the world's abundant coal reserves can be most wisely used. Compared to conventional and near-term generating systems, the coal gasifier gas turbine combined cycle emerges as having the best combination of efficiency, cost, environmental and siting characteristics.One approach to a coal gasifier gas turbine-based system is shown schematically in Fig. 1. It consists of a coal gasification and gas clean-up subsystem integrated into a gas turbinesteam turbine combined cycle to maximize the utilization of thermal energy throughout the entire system. The combined cycle can operate on any liquid or gaseous fuel. Efficiencies can be achieved in the order of 50 percent by the combined cycle system without the gasifier. These superior conversion efficiencies, obtainable with conventional equipment, are the primary reason the gas turbine based system with the coal gasifier promises to be the next standard baseload fossilfueled electric generating system. Key advantages of the system are summarized in the following paragraphs.

show abstract

Specification, Development, and Testing of the FT8-2 Dry Low NOx Control System

Bell¹,

Prete²,

Stewart

1996

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper describes the specification, development, and testing of the FT8-2 Dry Low NOx control system, and how the lean burn process requires an integration of the control system and combustion hardware. The FT8-2 digital fuel control system was developed to achieve the precise multizone fuel metering of both gas and liquid fuels, the calculation of combustor air flow necessary to achieve Dry Low NOx and the traditional governing/limiting control loops necessary for safe, stable engine operation. The system design goals were accomplished by the concurrent development of software-based fuel metering algorithms and fuel metering hardware. The fuel metering hardware utilizes an all-electronic valve positioner, employing a combination of feedback and software to achieve closed-loop control of actual fuel flow. Extensive testing under actual gas flow conditions and closed-loop bench testing using a real time engine model and fuel system model was conducted to prove system operation and develop system transient response prior to installation on the test engine. The setup and results of the flow testing and closed-loop testing are described. The paper describes the control scheme used to apportion the gas fuel between combustion zones and how external conditions such as ambient temperature and fuel gas composition affect the apportionment. The paper concludes with a description of the control system installation in the engine test cell and a review of engine test results.

show abstract

Design of a Successful Low Emissions Burner

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Prediction of NOx Emissions

Prediction of NOx Emissions

A Baseload Gas Turbine to Meet Utility Requirements for Reliability and Availability

Specification, Development, and Testing of the FT8-2 Dry Low NOx Control System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About