“…Compared to the analytical methods, the LC‐based biosensors are label‐free and portable that converts them to the well‐suited monitoring assays (H. Kim et al, 2018; Verdian et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2019). Recently, the LC‐based biosensors have gained great attention as the new candidates for optical target monitoring, due to the special properties including simple fabrication, great sensitivity, cost‐effectiveness, high response speed, and additional labeling step (Hong & Jang, 2020; H. J. Kim & Jang, 2019; Rouhbakhsh et al, 2020). They are attractive to monitor a wide range of analytes, such as proteins, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids, bacteria, heavy metal ions, and small molecules (Wang et al, 2019; D. Zhao et al, 2015).…”