Nano-Size Biomass Derived from Pomegranate Peel for Enhanced Removal of Cefixime Antibiotic from Aqueous Media: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Study

Abstract

Nano-sized activated carbon was prepared from pomegranate peel (PG-AC) via NaOH chemical activation and was fully characterized using BET, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, and XRD. The newly synthesized PG-AC was used for cefixime removal from the aqueous phase. The effective parameters on the adsorption process, including solution pH (2–11), salt effect (0–10%), adsorbent dosage (5–50 mg), contact time (5–300 min), and temperature (25–55 °C) were examined. The experimental adsorption equilibrium was in close agreement with the type IV isotherm model set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The adsorption process was evaluated with isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic models and it is were well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.992) and pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.999). The Langmuir isotherm provided a maximum adsorption capacity of 181.81 mg g−1 for cefixime uptake onto PG-AC after 60 min at pH 4. Hence, the isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic models were indicated for the multilayer sorption followed by the exothermic physical adsorption mechanism.

Rapid and efficient removal of phosphate by La-doped layered double hydroxide/biochar from aqueous solution

“…3(h) and Table S2 (ESI †). According to the classification system of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), 62 the N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of BC, La-MgAl-LDH and La-MgAl-LDH/BC are type IV isotherms. The adsorption and desorption branches of adsorption isotherms of BC and La-MgAl-LDH/BC are separated to form obvious adsorption hysteresis loops, which belonged to the H3 type hysteresis loops as well, implying that BC and La-MgAl-LDH/BC are mesoporous materials.…”

A Fast Adsorption of Azithromycin on Waste-Product-Derived Graphene Oxide Induced by H-Bonding and Electrostatic Interactions

“…The influence of contact time on the adsorption process is one of the most important factors for the enhanced removal of target pollutants. 21 To investigate the influence of contact time on the removal of AZM, the experiments were performed in the range of 5–120 min. The removal percentages of AZM are shown as a function of contact time ( Figure 3 b).…”

“…Several more effective methods have been introduced to remove antibiotics from water environments. These include photolytic degradation, − ozonation, coagulation, oxidation, biodegradation, ion exchange, membrane processing, chlorination, and adsorption. , Among them, adsorption is regarded as the most capable method due to its remarkable benefits like a high efficiency, low cost, reliability, and being free from highly toxic byproducts . There are different kinds of adsorbents, like clay and minerals, humic acid, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide (GO) .…”

Sulfur-Doped Binary Layered Metal Oxides Incorporated on Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions

“…The nanosized pomegranate peel-activated carbon was prepared according to the previous study [9]. Briefly, the raw pomegranate peel (PG) was washed and dried in the laboratory under ambient temperature and dark place.…”

“…Activated carbon (AC) is a highly porous adsorbent used in the adsorption process to control air and water pollution. This is because activated carbon possesses cationic and anionic nature [9], a high surface area, is cost-effective, has rapid biodegradability [10], is structurally reliable and thermally stable [2,6]. Coal-derived commercial activated carbon is commonly used to remove dissolved solids and ionic contaminants from potable water and industrial effluent, including heavy metal ions and synthetic colors.…”