Design of a DNA‐based reversible arithmetic and logic unit

Abstract

Owing to the emergence of better characteristics such as parallelism, low power consumption and data compactness, DNA computing has drawn great attention in recent years. In this study, the authors realise an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Inputs and outputs of the proposed ALU keep the logical reversibility in computation processes. The proposed ALU is capable of performing four logical (AND, OR, EX-OR and NOT) with three arithmetic (addition, subtraction and multiplication) operations. They use DNA-based multiplexer to carry out final output. Compared to silicon-based computation, the proposed ALU is faster and requires less space and power due to parallelism, replication properties, compactness and formation of DNA strands. However, compared to one existing DNA-based system, fewer signals are required in each step. Besides, another existing DNA-based ALU requires five complex biological steps to compute, whereas the proposed ALU requires three biological steps. Also, the time complexities of that existing system are O(mln₂n) for addition and subtraction operations; O(m) for logical operations and O(m(ln₂n)(2)) for multiplication operation, while the proposed system has O(1) for logical operations and O(n) for others; here n is the number of bits and m is the number of test tubes for operands.

Fault detection in multiple controlled Fredkin circuits

“…1a. The gate passes all the control inputs directly to respective outputs and the target outputs f (k m , t 1 ) and f (k m , t 2 ) are given by (1) and (2), respectively. Here, k PR = k 1 ⋅ k 2 ⋅ ⋯ ⋅ k m .…”

“…Reversible logic is one of the promising techniques to fill the demands of ultra-low power, compact, and high-speed electronic devices and circuits. Researchers throughout the globe are currently employing the possibilities of reversible logic towards numerous dominating technologies like QCA, DNA, optical, super conducting, and nuclear magnetic devices for the future generation computation systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The framework of reversible logic design and synthesis techniques are based on Toffoli and Fredkin gates, which are further transformed into nth order gates and libraries, known as multiple control Toffoli (MCT) and multiple controlled Fredkin (MCF) [8,9].…”

First principle approach towards logic design using hydrogen‐doped single‐strand DNA

“…The model of DNA‐based ALU was proposed to perform some logical functions like AND, OR, NOT, Ex‐OR and arithmetic operation. Parallelism, compactness, low power utilisation and reproducibility properties were used to design the faster ALU, which needs a smaller amount of space and power [16]. The theoretical model of density functional theory (DFT) and non‐equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) dependent all‐carbon spin based basic logic gates were proposed using spin‐polarised current with zigzag graphene nanoribbon [17].…”