Design, implementation, and evaluation of a PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based intervention for oral and dental health among primary school students of Rafsanjan city: a mixed method study

Abstract

Background Oral and dental health has a significant impact on public health as well as the quality of life among individuals and families. This study aims to design, implement, and evaluate an intervention based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for oral and dental health among primary school students in Rafsanjan city, Southern Iran. Methods According to the nature of the model and with the focus group discussion and interview methods, in phases 1 to 4 (PRECEDE), predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors related to oral health were identified. The training program was designed and consisted of six sessions for students (250 students) with a brushing session, three sessions for parents, and two sessions for teachers. Process evaluation and the effect of the program on behavioral and factors affecting oral health were evaluated (PROCEED). Results In the qualitative section, seven predisposing factors, five enabling factors, and two reinforcing factors were identified. A training program based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model was found to be effective in increasing the mean scores of the above constructs and the students’ brushing behavior (P < 0.001). Conclusion Based on the model planning phases, the factors affecting the brushing behavior of children aged 6–12 years were identified. The educational program has had a significant effect on improving the scores of predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors and children’s brushing behavior.

Planning, implementation, and evaluation of educational intervention based on PRECEDE–PROCEED model for mothers about oral health promotion on children aged 3–6 years

“…In the behavioral and environmental diagnosis phase, first, based on the studies[ 19 28 29 30 ] as well as the results of group discussions with mothers, behavioral factors (toothbrushing, flossing, using fluoride toothpastes, consuming dairy products, and reducing consumption of sugars and parents' education) and nonbehavioral factors (fluoridated drinking water, chronic and underlying diseases, and socioeconomic status) affecting oral health were identified. Then, behavioral factors in the decision-making matrix, with two criteria of importance and variability, were sent to ten oral health specialists to identify the most important behavioral factor of first priority, which affects the oral health.…”

“…In the educational and ecological diagnosis phase, based on the studies[ 18 19 31 32 ] and group discussions with mothers and oral health specialists, the constructs of knowledge, attitude, perceived threat, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy of parents were identified as predisposing factors; the constructs of perceived barriers and perceived behavioral control of parents were identified as enabling factors, and constructs of family support and reinforcement were identified as reinforcing factors. These factors were considered as research tools in the form of predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing constructs.…”

“…Moreover, it has been approved that this model might also be used to design, implement, and evaluate oral health intervention of students aged 7–12 years. [ 19 ] Considering the key role of mothers in promoting children's oral health, the present study was designed and conducted based on PRECEDE–PROCEED theory, aiming to empower mothers with regard to their children's oral health-promoting behaviors.…”

Potential Factors of Primary Hospital Healthcare Professionals in Hindering the Abolition of Routine Skin Test for Cephalosporin: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…PRECEDE-PROCEED is a model of health education and promotion, proposed by Green, Kreuter etc (1980) and improved gradually. 15,16 PRECEDE (Educational Diagnosis) is the core of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, which stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation and is a comprehensive structure for assessing health needs and medical issues. 15,17,18 The PRECEDE model provides a comprehensive structure for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion and other public health programs to meet those needs.…”

“…15,16 PRECEDE (Educational Diagnosis) is the core of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, which stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation and is a comprehensive structure for assessing health needs and medical issues. 15,17,18 The PRECEDE model provides a comprehensive structure for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion and other public health programs to meet those needs. It guides planners through a process that starts with desired outcomes and then works backward in the causal chain to identify a mix of strategies for achieving those objectives.…”