Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a D-Band Bolometric Power Sensor

Abstract

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D-Band Thin-Film Resistive Line Bolometer as Transfer Standard

“…The performance of the sensor has been evaluated through the measurement of voltage reflection coefficient (VRC or S11), short-and long-term time responses, linearity and frequency response as described in [4]. These parameters can be used to characterize the sensor behaviour when a microwave signal is incident for real applications.…”

“…One of the most demonstrated power measurement techniques is the calorimetric technique which is frequency independent [3], [4], and uses matched-load usually made of absorptive materials on tapered sections. Sensor elements employed include thermoelectric (single load [5], dual load [6], quasi twin [7]) or bolometric (thermistor [8], thin film [4], [9]) types. Such loads are also used as power-absorbing terminals in a twin-load configuration [10], [11].…”

“…Such loads are also used as power-absorbing terminals in a twin-load configuration [10], [11]. However, the calorimeter is a primary power measurement standard and requires a very long heat settling time due to its bulky structure and high thermal mass [3], [4], [7]. A traceable/working standard (not only as a calorimetric load) is required for commercial users with a simple design and fast response time.…”

Measurement of low‐loss aqueous solutions permittivity with high detection accuracy by a contact and free‐label resonance microwave sensor

“…There are two different styles of design for the sensors; the first style is non‐resonance such as Severo et al's study, 9 and the second style, due to the higher accuracy and simpler design, is resonance 10–13 . In the resonance method, filter structures 14–19 and antennas structures 20–22 can be used to create resonance, and in these methods, all scattering parameters can be used in resonance 23–25 . Depending on the design algorithm, these methods are different.…”

“…[10][11][12][13] In the resonance method, filter structures [14][15][16][17][18][19] and antennas structures [20][21][22] can be used to create resonance, and in these methods, all scattering parameters can be used in resonance. [23][24][25] Depending on the design algorithm, these methods are different. Different methods of design in the resonance style depend on whether the sample type is solid, [26][27][28][29] liquid, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] or gas.…”