Design development of a polymeric atmospheric film-type sprayer for cooling towers

Abstract

The design of an atmospheric film-type sprayer, which is one of the basic components of cooling towers serving as component parts of the system supplying circulating water for any production process, is described. Promising use of the sprayer design developed for cooling towers in the chemical and petrochemical branches of industry is indicated.Cooling of basic and auxiliary production equipment at establishments within the chemical and petrochemical branches of industry is normally accomplished with use of reservoirs -coolers, spray ponds, and evaporative cooling towers. During optimal operation, these systems enable a continuous production process with high technico-economic indicators.Open systems of circulating water supply with air cooling in towers, which offer a number of significant advantages over other systems and which permit the following, have come into the most widespread use in practical industrial water supply:• rational utilization of water resources and lowering of the intake of water from natural sources to a minimum; this assumes vast significance in connection with the water deficit characteristic of many industrial regions; and • lowering to a minimum, or elimination of the water released to water-supply sources, and, consequently, less contamination of the latter [1]. In the majority of cases, the cooling efficiency of production equipment is determined by the packings (sprayers), which are capable of ensuring the required surface area of phase contact with minimum possible aero-and hydrodynamic resistances.At the present time, designs fabricated from wood or asbestos cement are used in industry as sprayers for cooling towers. Basic disadvantages of these sprayers are the heavy weight that is introduced per unit area, small surface area of phase contact, high aerodynamic-resistance factor, and short service life. Moreover, wood is sensitive to chemical and biological effects, and the slats of the sprayers cannot be less than 10 mm thick due to warping and failure of the wood as a result of lignin being flushed from the latter (delignification) by the water. Only cellulose remains in the wood, as a result of which it is weakened. The delignification process proceeds more vigorously at a high pH and with a significant content of active chlorine in the water [2]. When the pH is increased from 5 to 9, therefore, the failure rate of larch and oak wood increases by a factor of 2-3, and that of pine and spruce by factors of 10-16 [1].When polymeric materials that appreciably surpass wood and asbestos cement in terms of production characteristics are used for the development of sprayer designs, the possibility of creating a new generation of sprayers with improved characteristics arises.

Prediction of Strength Properties of Filling Packets in Selected Cooling Towers

“…The results of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are presented graphically in the plots from Figures 14,15 Table 1 presents the characteristic temperatures of changes occurring during the decomposition of the material while heating the samples at a constant rate of 20 °C/min. Table 2 presents the sample mass loss at particular mass loss steps and the sample mass residue at the final temperature of the TGA analysis.…”

“…By choosing the right type of cooling tower fill, water will flow in much more surface area and the hot water will be cooled quickly. Cooling tower fill is made of PVC or PP plain plate by specialized machine [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. A number of works on accelerated aging of polypropylene and lifetime prediction can be found in the literature.…”

Research of overall performance of polymeric sprinkler of coolers

“…Excess of temperature of reverse water from regulated leads to decrease in development of production (quite often up to 15%) and to deterioration in its quality. At the same time, water temperature, returned in a reverse cycle, often exceeds the regulated temperature, and the enterprises for maintenance of the required temperature condition resort to undesirable reception -"refreshing" of system of reverse water supply at which they raise to 10% and more dumping from the system of warm water at simultaneous increase in a consumption of make-up fresh water from a natural source [3,4].…”

Hydrodynamics of regular packings formed from cellular inclined cylinders for heat- and mass-exchange processes

“…Polymers are acid and wear resistant, and durable [1,2]. Use of polymeric materials, including those in the form of a mesh, also provides for a reduction in the mass of the packing, lightening the load on the support elements of the structures in column vessels and cooling towers [3,4].This paper presents results of investigation of the hydrodynamics of regular packings formed from cellular inclined cylinders for heat-and mass-exchange processes. The present study is a continuation of tests conducted previously at the Moscow State University of Engineering Ecology (MGUIE) [5,6].…”

“…Polymers are acid and wear resistant, and durable [1,2]. Use of polymeric materials, including those in the form of a mesh, also provides for a reduction in the mass of the packing, lightening the load on the support elements of the structures in column vessels and cooling towers [3,4].…”