Design considerations to calculate SAR in multiband MIMO antenna for mobile handsets

Kumar, G.Pramod; Agarwal, Nitin; Kranthi, P.; babu, Sekhar

doi:10.1109/wispnet.2016.7566580

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This section investigates various multi‐port antennas for mobile and wearable devices 102–118 . 5G is the need today, looking at the channel capacity, which is given by Equation .…”

Section: Mimo Antennas For Mobile and Wearable Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article distillates on microstrip antennas used in portable wireless systems 7 as shown in Figure 1. Antennas like MSAs, wearable structures and conformal geometries are well harmonized with requirements of handheld devices 7–118 . Study on planar antennas 7–39 is diverse and interesting due to which the discussion is essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other portable devices are also playing a major role in communication with the help of antennas like laptops, palmtops, and tablet PC 82–87 . MIMO antennas are proving efficient in the dynamic performance of antennas 102–113 due to which they are also a part of this paper. Various frequency bands are allotted for different wireless communication applications, which are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State‐of‐art design aspects of wearable, mobile, and flexible antennas for modern communication wireless systems

Gharode

Nella

Maheswar

2021

Int J Communication

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Summary In this present contemporary epoch, wireless communication appliances exemplified meteoric progression in technology. These systems entail an antenna in every strand of communication. Depending upon the recent expansions in generations, the antennas become more compact, lightweight, portable, wearable, cost‐effective, and conformal while maintaining essential performance characteristics like impedance bandwidth, efficiency, gain, SAR, etc. This review is envisioned to unveil state‐of‐art in conventional and unconventional antenna technologies in recent times and offers knowledge to readers about a large regime of antenna designs suitable for different wireless communication system applications like GSM, GPS, Wi‐Fi, WLAN, bluetooth, 4G, and 5G under a single head. It is unambiguously worth stating that recent 5G antenna designs will unleash new breaks in leapfrogging all outmoded blockades in developments. Intended wireless communication systems take in mobiles, laptops, smart wears, tablets, etc., while antenna technologies cover wearable models, conformal structures, MIMO configurations, microstrip and planar monopole antennas. This study draws attention towards multi‐band and wide‐band accomplishment techniques, SAR analysis, bending and twisting effects of conformal or wearable antennas, effect of human body and wireless appliances on antenna performance. As per the study, FCC set a standard value of SAR as equal or below to 1.6 W/kg for 1 g of body tissue. IEC standards regulated a limit on SAR value as 2 W/kg, which is average value over 10 g of body tissue. Also, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of below 0.05, diversity gain of less than 10 dB and a maximum channel capacity of 0.4 bit/s/Hz are necessary for MIMO systems.

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“…This section investigates various multi‐port antennas for mobile and wearable devices 102–118 . 5G is the need today, looking at the channel capacity, which is given by Equation .…”

Section: Mimo Antennas For Mobile and Wearable Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

State‐of‐art design aspects of wearable, mobile, and flexible antennas for modern communication wireless systems

Gharode

Nella

Maheswar

2021

Int J Communication

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“…The ANSI/IEEE standard approves the maximum SAR in a 1 g of tissue mass as 1.6 W/kg, and for whole body mass, SAR must be below 0.08 W/kg. In Europe, 2 W/kg maximum SAR is approved for 10 g body tissue . Electric field distribution in the body needs to be recorded for measuring SAR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, 2 W/kg maximum SAR is approved for 10 g body tissue. [3][4][5] Electric field distribution in the body needs to be recorded for measuring SAR. The relation of SAR with electric field follows the equation as…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and acceptance test of compact planar monopole antenna for LTE smartphone considering SAR, TRP, and HAC values

Das

Bose

Islam

2019

Int J Communication

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Summary Eight different types of compact multiband planar antennas are proposed in this work for covering several long‐term evaluation (LTE) and Wi‐Fi bands in a smartphone antenna design. Gradual inclusion of several sections of a radiator on an inexpensive FR4 substrate is presented for receiving multi‐LTE bands with a handset device. Along with the presently available LTE bands, this antenna design approach also includes upcoming LTE in unlicensed spectrum and LTE licensed‐assisted access. Various techniques such as partial ground, branch line slit, parasitic structure, and meandered lines are used to achieve desired resonant frequencies, bandwidth, matching, and miniaturization. The final type of eight antennas has been implemented in the real‐world mobile phone handset. The interaction between the mobile handset and the human phantom model has been analyzed at few specific frequencies for evaluating specific absorption rate (SAR) and total radiated power (TRP) in a simulated manner. The same type is also studied as a hearing aid compatibility (HAC)–supported wireless device. The simulated results show the SAR and HAC values are at the acceptance level for this proposed design. A prototype model is developed and few parameters are measured for validation.

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Electromagnetic Field Pollution Level Measurement for Mobile Phone Networks at Cihan University-Erbil

Mohammed

2023

Cihan U Erbil SCI J

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The health effects by impact of radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) have become of increasing concern. We conducted a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) study and measurements of wireless and mobile phone networks to evaluate the hazard of RF radiation limit. Our measurements have been carried out at different locations on the campus of Cihan University – Erbil. The RF strength level measurement of a base station on site was done by using spectrum analyzer with a dipole antenna and Electro Magnetic Field detector (EMF) application in the handsets for mobile networks, then comparing our measurements with the international slandered SAR’s levels.

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Design considerations to calculate SAR in multiband MIMO antenna for mobile handsets

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

State‐of‐art design aspects of wearable, mobile, and flexible antennas for modern communication wireless systems

State‐of‐art design aspects of wearable, mobile, and flexible antennas for modern communication wireless systems

Design and acceptance test of compact planar monopole antenna for LTE smartphone considering SAR, TRP, and HAC values

Electromagnetic Field Pollution Level Measurement for Mobile Phone Networks at Cihan University-Erbil

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