Design considerations for charge equalization of an electric vehicle battery system

Kutkut, N.H.; Wiegman, Herman; Divan, D.M.; Novotny, D.W.

doi:10.1109/apec.1995.469006

Cited by 71 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Using the multi-winding flyback converter is one of the simple and easy methods of active cell balancing [25,26]. The primary side of the converter is connected to the whole string of cells, and the secondary side is connected to each cell as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Balancing Method in Flyback Converter without Cell Selection Switch of Multi-Winding Transformer

Kim¹,

Park²

2016

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

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-This paper presents a cell balancing method for a single switch flyback converter with a multi-winding transformer. The conventional method using a flyback converter with a multi-winding transformer is simple and easy to control, but the voltage of each secondary winding coil might be non-uniform because of the unequal effective turn-ratio. In particular, it is difficult to control the nonuniform effect using turn-ratios because secondary coil has a limited number of turns. The nonuniform secondary voltages disturb the cell balancing procedure and induce an unbalance in cell voltages. Individual cell control by adding a switch for each cell can reduce the undesirable effect. However, the circuit becomes bulky, resulting in additional loss. The proposed method here uses the conventional flyback converter with an adjustment made to the output filters of the cells, instead of the additional switch. The magnitude of voltage applied to a particular cell can be reduced or increased according to the adjusted filter and the selected switching frequency. An analysis of the conventional converter configuration and the filter design method reveals the possibility of adequate cell balancing control without any additional switch on the secondary side.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Balancing Method in Flyback Converter without Cell Selection Switch of Multi-Winding Transformer

Kim¹,

Park²

2016

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

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“…Most of applications for batteries need higher voltage than can be obtained from a single electrochemical battery and series strings of cells (each battery that makes up the whole battery pack is called cell hereafter unless otherwise noted) are used to meet voltage requirements in EVs [5]- [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Battery Balancing for Battery Packs

Gallardo-Lozano

Lateef

Romero‐Cadaval³

et al. 2013

Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering

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-In electric vehicle applications, it is necessary to use series strings of batteries since the required voltage is higher than the one that can be obtained from a single battery. Due to several factors, imbalance of batteries in these battery systems is usual and an important factor that has to be taken into account. Many balancing methods have been developed with a lot of different advantages, but all of them also have a lot of disadvantages such as complexity and/or high cost, which are the common problems that can be found in most of these equalization methods. In the present work, a low cost and very simple equalization method is proposed, in which a novel control is applied to a shunting transistor topology. It allows the transistors to regulate the amount of current that goes through each battery cell in the string depending on their State of Charge (SOC), during the charging process. This control ensures that the least charged cells to be charged faster, and the most charged ones to be charged more slowly. Design criteria are discussed and simulation results are carried out in a generic battery low power application which proves the control method. Fast equalization with a low complexity and cost is obtained.

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“…Many architectures have been proposed in order to prevent cell imbalance during charge/discharge of series-connected battery packs (Affanni October, 2005), (N. H. Kutkut 1999, (Ferdowsi 2005), (C. S. Moo 2003) and (J. Chatzakis 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Cell Balancing Architecture for Li-ion Battery Packs Based on Cell Redundancy

Manenti

Abba

Geraci

et al. 2011

IFAC Proceedings Volumes

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Li-ion batteries are promoting the development of more and more performing electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs (HEVs). Thanks to their high energy density and increased current capabilitieswhich permit to use a relative light and space saving battery pack-these batteries are replacing almost all older battery chemistries in vehicle applications. Despite the advantages these cells provide, before use them in a new design, several drawbacks about safety aspects have to be considered. In fact, Li-ion battery packs require, more than other chemistry base packs, special control systems to maintain the operative conditions in a safe area and to guarantee the best performances in terms of efficiency and pack life time. One of the most challenging problems that have to be tackled by the mentioned control system is the voltage unbalance. This problem arises when more cells are connected in series with the purpose to increase the battery pack voltage. In this paper a new cell balancing architecture based on cell redundancy is proposed. This solution is especially suited to be implemented in vehicle battery management system (BMS) where cost and space reduction are the main requirements.

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Design considerations for charge equalization of an electric vehicle battery system

Cited by 71 publications

References 5 publications

Cell Balancing Method in Flyback Converter without Cell Selection Switch of Multi-Winding Transformer

Cell Balancing Method in Flyback Converter without Cell Selection Switch of Multi-Winding Transformer

Active Battery Balancing for Battery Packs

A New Cell Balancing Architecture for Li-ion Battery Packs Based on Cell Redundancy

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