Design considerations for charge equalization of an electric vehicle battery system

Kutkut, N.H.; Wiegman, Herman; Divan, D.M.; Novotny, D.W.

doi:10.1109/28.740842

Cited by 256 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Nondissipating methods can be divided into discharge equalizing systems, like multioutput transformers [43]; charge equalizing systems, like distributed the Cuk converter [44,45]; and bidirectional equalizing systems, like switched capacitor or inductor circuit [46]. Each one of those schemes has its advantages and drawbacks, in term of equalization speed, circuit complexity, number of parts needed, and rating of the part to be used, particularly the current rating of the switching components and the voltage rating of the diodes, but they all benefit from a good SOC estimation to perform equalization operation.…”

Section: Battery Cell Equalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

System-level management of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

Stefanopoulou

Kim

2015

Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

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Section: Battery Cell Equalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

System-level management of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

Stefanopoulou

Kim

2015

Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

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“…Most of applications with energy storage are designed with a battery voltage higher than that which can be obtained from a single electrochemical battery, and therefore series strings of cells (each battery that makes up the whole battery pack is called cell hereafter unless otherwise noted) are used to meet voltage requirements such as in EVs [6]- [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Equalization Control Based on the Shunt Transistor Method

Gallardo-Lozano

Romero‐Cadaval²,

Milanés‐Montero³

et al. 2014

Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering

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Electric Vehicle (EV) researches are currently becoming of special importance and the EV battery system is particularly relevant in the EV design. In these applications, series connected batteries are necessary since a single battery cannot achieve the voltage requirements. Internal and external sources lead the batteries string to become unbalanced, which is an important factor to be taken into account, as premature cells degradation, safety hazards, and reduced capacity will occur for unbalanced systems. The different balancing methods are presented and compared in this paper, and finally the switch capacitor and the double-tiered switching capacitor are considered the best option. However, their speed depends on the voltage difference between the batteries in the string, and when their voltage difference is low, the equalization speed decreases significantly, leading the battery pack to be unbalanced for longer. A novel equalization method is presented, that improves the aforementioned methods performance by applying a new control to a shunt transistor method. Low cost, size, and complexity, together with higher speed and efficiency are obtained. A prototype has been built, and experimental results are presented.

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“…Because of non-uniform individual cell properties, united operation causes the small imbalance in the form of unequal voltages among series cells during charging and discharging periods. Overcharge and deep discharge both will cause the battery cell to be deteriorated forever or even worse [1,2]. The poor performance of single cell will limit the normal operation of the whole series string [3] The voltage balancing device, also known as voltage equalizer, is therefore indispensable equipment in battery management systems (BMS) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Automatic Switched-Capacitor Cell Balancing Circuit for Series-Connected Battery Strings

Cheng

2016

Energies

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Abstract:In this paper, a novel voltage equalizer is developed for series battery strings based on the two-phase switched capacitor technique. Different from the conventional voltage equalizers which are developed by switched-mode power converters, bulky magnetic components and complex monitoring and control system are avoided in the proposed system. Just a pair of complementary pulse signals with constant switching frequency and fixed duty ratio are required to control all of switches employed in the proposed voltage equalizer, and charge transfers from the higher voltage battery cells to lower voltage ones automatically. The circuit configuration and operation principle are provided in this paper. The model of the proposed voltage equalizer is also derived. Comparison with other works indicates that the proposed method is superior to the conventional switched-capacitor (SC) voltage equalizer for the high stack of series battery strings. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed voltage equalization system is capable of excellent voltage balancing performance with a simple control method.

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Design considerations for charge equalization of an electric vehicle battery system

Cited by 256 publications

References 5 publications

System-level management of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

System-level management of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

Battery Equalization Control Based on the Shunt Transistor Method

An Automatic Switched-Capacitor Cell Balancing Circuit for Series-Connected Battery Strings

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