Design and Use of a Cyclic Tensile Abrader for Filaments and Yarns-A Study of Polyester Monofilament Wear

Abstract

An apparatus has been developed that imposes an adjustable constant axial tensile load on filaments, yarns, or fabric strips during cyclic rubbing over pins in various configurations and under controlled temperatures and specific chemical environments. The action is intended to simulate the combinations of tensile, bending, and abrasive stresses experienced by fibrous materials during processing and end use. The number of cycles to rupture (or specimen lifetime) is automatically recorded, and there is provision for monitoring the elongation of the specimen under stress.The use of the cyclic tensile abrader is demonstrated by means of a study of the influence of tensile loading, temperature, and rubbing configuration on the wear of a polyester monofilament sample in air. The reproducibility of both lifetimes and elongations is good, and the results are in accord with expectations for the behavior of this material under the stresses and conditions imposed. It appears that the basic design of the cyclic tensile abrader makes it suitable as a research tool as well as an accelerated wear testing device.Fibrous materials commonly experience combinations of mechanical, thermal, and chemical stresses during both processing and use. Most studies concerned with the effects of such stresses have been limited to , just one kind of mechanical stress, for example, the application of tensile stresses to fibers exposed to controlled chemical and temperature environments. In a somewhat more complex study, Hearle and co-workers [3] subjected fibers in different chemical environments to bending stresses during biaxial rotation; however, there does not seem to be any generally accepted instrumentation designed to apply: controlled combinations of tensile, bending, and abrasive stresses to filaments or yarns under various environmental conditions.Galbraith [4] has reviewed the state of knowledge of abrasion of textile&dquo;'I'surfaces, including descriptions of abrasion instruments in common use at the present time. That review discusses the complexity of the various mechanisms. of abrasion and the lack of success in using abrasion tests to predict durability or serviceability of a fabric. The American Society for Testing and Materials test method D-1175 [ 1 ] gives instructions for abrasion testing by six instruments. Of these six, only the Stoll Flexabrader [8] permits testing yams in addition to fabrics. Another device, the Reutlinger Webtester, subjects yarns to some of the stresses encountered in weaving for the purpose of evaluating the performance of sizes [9]. None of the devices seems particularly suitable for studies under controlled environments at elevated temperatures.The apparatus described in this report was developed to permit an adjustable constant axial tensile load to be imposed on filaments or yarns during cyclic rubbing over curved surfaces. Provisions for continuously monitoring the elongation of the sample and for au-.tomatically determining the number of cycles to rupture are included. An important feature of ...

Prediction of Weavability of Warp Yarns: A Critical Review

“…developed an apparatus that imposes an adjustable constant axial tensile load on filaments, yarns or fabric strips during cyclic rubbing over pins in various configurations and under controlled temperatures and specific chemical environments. The action is intended to simulate the combinations of tensile bending, and abrasive stresses experienced by fibrous materials during processing and end use (Miller et al, 1983).…”

“…Subsequently, a number of instruments were developed as reported by several resdearchers in which the sized yarn sheet was subjected to cyclic flexure combined with abrasion against yarns and metal surfaces such as healds and reeds. These devices have proven to be a definite improvement over others, but suffer from the difficulty involved in reproducing the results (Walker & Olmstead, 1945;Miller et al, 1983;Barella, 1992;Barella et al, 1990).…”

“…The action is intended to simulate the combinations of tensile, bending, and abrasive stresses experienced by fibrous material during processing and end use. The number of cycles to rupture (or specimen lifetime) is automatically recorded and there is provision for monitoring the elongation of specimen under stress (Miller et al, 1983). Ciocoiu et al described equipment for testing warp yarns, which permits the testing of all types of yarns under weaving conditions at any working speed.…”

Modeling of Marine Rope Fatigue Behavior

“…If the wear rate is insensitive to the load on the rope, then the current rope area at n cycles is given by . and the normalized rope S-N curve at failure is Various fiber and yam abrasion studies indicate that the rate of abrasion is, in fact, sensitive to other factors that vary with S, including normal load, strain level, and the amplitude of relative movement [1,12,19]. These effects are not yet well defined, and are lumped .…”

Study on the wearability and abrasion mechanism of braided harness cord

“…However, they did not conduct intensive experimental research on this property. In the field of yarn and rope, which is similar to harness cord, researchers investigated the influence of apparatus factors, 15,16 material parameters, 17–19 and environmental conditions 20–22 on the wearability using the self-made test device, the existing apparatus or the improved ones. 23,24 Most of the works used the abrasive times as the parameter to evaluate the wearability, whereas Black 25 estimated the wearability by the residual strength of worn high modulus polyethylene rope.…”