Design and Testing of an Ultra-Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustor

Smith, K. O.; Angello, Leonard; Kurzynske, F. R.

doi:10.1115/86-gt-263

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The combustor development effort extended earlier work that had established a baseline of design and performance information for lean-premixed, natural gas combustion (Smith, 1987;Smith, 1986, andSood, andShekleton, 1980). These earlier studies had documented the ability to achieve ultra-low NOx emissions with lean-premixed combustion when firing natural gas in a test rig environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Performance Testing of a Low Emissions, Natural-Gas Fired, Small Gas Turbine Combustor

Smith¹,

Wade²,

Samii³

et al. 1989

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Performance Testing of a Low Emissions, Natural-Gas Fired, Small Gas Turbine Combustor

Smith¹,

Wade²,

Samii³

et al. 1989

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications

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“…Studies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] have focused on development of low NO x combustors with the viewpoint of producing lower emissions. These combustors are different in designs, as some are annular, can, or silo type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictions of Flow and Heat Transfer in Low Emission Combustors

Esposito

Ekkad

2008

Heat Transfer Engineering

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Flow and heat transfer predictions in modern low emission combustors are critical to maintaining the liner wall at reasonable temperatures. This study is the first to focus on a critical issue for combustor design. The objective of this paper is to understand the effect of different swirl angle for a dry low emission (DLE) combustor on flow and heat transfer distributions. This paper provides the effect of fuel nozzle swirl angle on velocity distributions, temperature, and surface heat transfer coefficients. A simple test model is investigated with flow through fuel nozzles without reactive flow. The fuel nozzle angle is varied to obtain different swirl conditions inside the combustor. The effect of flow Reynolds number and swirl number are investigated using FLUENT. Different RANS-based turbulence models are tested to determine the ability of these models to predict the swirling flow. For comparison, different turbulence models such as standard k − ε, realizable k − ε, and shear stress transport (SST) k − ω turbulence model were studied for non-reactive flow conditions. The results show that, for a high degree swirl flow, the SST k −ω model can provide more reasonable predictions for recirculation and high velocity gradients. With increasing swirl angle, the average surface heat transfer coefficient increases while the average static temperature will decrease. Preliminary analysis shows that the k − ω model is the best model for predicting swirling flows. Also critical is the effect of the swirling flows on the liner wall heat transfer. The strength and magnitude of the swirl determines the local heat transfer maxima location. This location needs to be cooled more effectively by various cooling schemes.

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“…Solar Turbines has been developing lean-premixed combustion technologies since the mid-1980's for both gas and liquid fuels . (Roberts et al, 1981, Smith et al, 1986, Smith et al, 1987, Smith and Cowell, 1989, Cowell and Smith, 1992). For natural gas operation Solar has had the Centaur (3-4 MW), Taurus (5-7 MW) and Mars (9-11 MW) family of engines in production since 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Dual-Fuel Injection System for Lean Premixed Industrial Gas Turbines

Cowell¹,

Rajput²,

Rawlins³

1996

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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A fuel injection system for industrial gas turbine engines capable of using natural gas and liquid fuel in dry, lean premixed combustion is under development to significantly reduce NOx and CO emissions. The program has resulted in a design capable of operating on DF#2 over the 80 to 100% engine load range meeting the current TA LUFT regulations of 96 ppm (dry, @ 15% O2) NOx and 78 ppm CO. When operating on natural gas the design meets the guaranteed levels of 25 ppm NOx and 50 ppm CO. The design approach is to apply lean premixed combustion technology to liquid fuel. Both injector designs introduce the majority of the diesel fuel via airblast alomization into a premixing passage where fuel vaporization and air-fuel premixing occur. Secondary fuel injection occurs through a pilot fuel passage which operates in a partially premixed mode. Development is completed through injector modeling, flow visualization, combustion rig testing, and engine testing. The prototype design tested in development engine environments has operated with NOx emissions below 65 ppm and 20 ppm CO at full load. This paper includes a detailed discussion of the injector design and qualification testing completed on this development hardware.

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Design and Testing of an Ultra-Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustor

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Performance Testing of a Low Emissions, Natural-Gas Fired, Small Gas Turbine Combustor

Performance Testing of a Low Emissions, Natural-Gas Fired, Small Gas Turbine Combustor

Predictions of Flow and Heat Transfer in Low Emission Combustors

Development of a Dual-Fuel Injection System for Lean Premixed Industrial Gas Turbines

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