Design and Synthesis of Zn^II‐Coordination Polymers Anchored with NSAIDs: Metallovesicle Formation and Multi‐drug Delivery

Abstract

A series of coordination polymers synthesized from a bis‐pyridyl linker, namely 4,4′‐azopyridine (L), selected non‐steroidal‐anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely diclofenac (Dic), ibuprofen (Ibu), flurbiprofen (Flu), mefenamic acid (Mefe), and naproxen (Nap), and Zn(NO3)2 were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. One of the coordination polymers, namely CP3 derived from Flu, was able to form metallovesicles in DMSO, DMSO/H2O and DMSO/DMEM (biological media) as revealed by TEM, AFM and DLS. Metallovesicle formation by CP3 was further supported by loading a fluorescent dye, namely calcein, as well as an anti‐cancer drug, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), as revealed by UV‐vis and emission spectra, and fluorescence microscopy. DOX‐loaded metallovesicles of CP3 (DOX@CP3‐vesicle) could be delivered in vitro to a highly aggressive human breast cancer cell line, namely MDA‐MB‐231, as revealed by MTT and cell migration assays, and also cell imaging performed under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Thus, a proof of concept for developing a multi‐drug delivery system derived from a metallovesicle for delivering an anti‐cancer drug to cancer cells is demonstrated for the first time.

Crystal structure of a new hydrate form of the NSAID sodium diclofenac

“…Regarding the carboxylate anion, C 14 H 10 Cl 2 NO 2 À , it has been extensively used as a ligand for coordination chemistry with transition metals (e.g. Sayen & Guillon, 2012;Bera et al, 2020). Finally, crystal structures for hydrated alkali salts of diclofenac were established, with Na + (Muangsin et al, 2002;Llinà s et al, 2007), K + (Chu & Cheng, 2007), Ca 2+ (Duan & Li, 2018) and Mg 2+ (Castellari et al, 1999).…”

Review on novel targeted enzyme drug delivery systems: enzymosomes

“…58 Pharmaceuticals are spatially inducted near the diseased organ or tissue by new carriers, particularly via chemical derivatization. Many glaucoma, 59–64 ulcerative colitis, 65–77 colon disease, 78–83 NSAIDS, 84–93 and insulin-like treatment medications 94–103 have improved absorption and effect duration. Vesicular medication distribution reduces treatment costs and enhances pharmacodynamics, 104–111 especially for drugs that are poorly absorbed.…”

2D Zinc(II)-Coordination Polymer Based on 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylate and Novel 4,4′-Bis((2-isopropyl-1H-imidazole-1-yl)methyl)-1,1′-biphenyl Ligands for the Adsorption of Methyl Orange

“…Coordination polymers, which are generated via the coordination of metal atoms and organic bridging ligands, are formed as one-dimensional (1D) chains, two-dimensional (2D) layers, or three-dimensional (3D) frames. Coordination polymers have been of great interest to researchers for years as it has various application areas such as drug transport, − luminescence, , magnetism, − gas adsorption and separation, − dye degradation, and adsorption. − Although coordination polymers are pure and relatively easy to obtain by the crystallization method, their final structures, topologies, and coordination geometries; it is significantly affected by various parameters such as solvent used in the synthesis, pH of the environment, temperature, counterions, and weak interactions. Therefore, the structure of the synthesized complexes is not usually a predicted structure.…”