Design and performance of miniaturized meandered patch antenna for implantable biomedical applications

Compact Bioimplantable MICS and ISM Band Antenna Design for Wireless Biotelemetry Applications

“…The frequency bands of (433.1-434.8) MHz, (868-868.6) MHz and (902. MHz are also available to be used in the biotelemetry applications in addition to the ISM band (2.4 to 2.5) GHz for the implantable medical devices [6]. Because the human body is electrically lossy in nature with the different tissues of frequency dependent variable permittivity and conductivity in the physical structural form, the implanted antenna has to be operated in the layered lossy media of frequency dispersive material parameters.…”

“…The miniaturization methodologies applicable in the implantable antenna design are the use of CPW fed tapered slot radiators on high dielectric substrates, RO3210, with SMP connector type to reduce the antenna overall size for Medical Device Radiocommunication Service (MedRadio) band [9], folded meander PIFA structure with the short circuiting of PIFA geometry on one substrate side to the meander line geome-try on the other side for extending the radiating main branches into a spiral shape [10], meandered line dipole radiator with an additional superstrate layer on the substrate for preserving the required biocompatibility [11], [6]. In [12], a conformal miniaturized multilayered spiral antenna is designed for the subcutaneous implantation to have dual-band operation in MedRadio and ISM bands.…”