Design and Performance of HTI's Thin Film Composite Membrane for Forward Osmosis and Pressure Retarded Osmosis Applications

Farr, Isaac V.; Bharwada, U.; Gullinkala, Tilak

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.751

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, the water flux and power density were increased [76,77]. At the support layer, mechanical strength and structural parameters were modified by making thin woven support [78,79] or electrospun nanofiber substrates [80,81].…”

Section: Flat Sheet Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulation of the dual stage pressure retarded osmosis systems

Soltani

Struchtrup

2019

Desalination

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Utilization of renewable energy sources, as an approach to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, have been globally popular in the last few decades. Among renewable energy sources, pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has been scrutinized by scientists since the mid 70's. However, even today, the existing river-sea PRO systems can only marginally meet the generally approved criterion of 5 W/m 2 power density, a threshold for an economically feasible PRO system. As an approach to increase the performance of PRO systems, multi-staging of PRO modules are investigated. A mathematical model of the scaled up PRO process is proposed with consideration for internal and external concentration polarization, reverse salt flux, and spatial variations along the membrane. A thermodynamic model is also developed with consideration for entropy generation and losses in the process. It predicts the percentile of each work loss source compared to the net work in the system. Several configurations of dual stage PRO system are presented and compared to single stage PRO. The comparison is based on three proposed target functions of power density (PD), specific energy (SE), and work per drawn freshwater (W drawn). Applied hydraulic pressures and flow rates of draw and feed solutions are optimized for maximizing the target functions. The results indicate that overall performance of the system could be improved by up to 8 % with a dual stage PRO in the case of SE. The system iv performance is not improved by depressurizing the draw solution before the second module in cases of SE and W drawn. The thermodynamic analysis demonstrate the contribution of each work loss and justify the reason of diminishing the net work over the losses. The effect of membrane area and membrane characteristics on the SE target function is also investigated. The distribution of membrane area in each module depends on the selected configuration and inlet draw solution. In the dual stage systems, the SE value increases up to 14% by improving the membrane characteristics. Reducing the salt rejection coefficient (B) is the most effective membrane characteristic in our configurations. Replacing seawater with RO brine in draw solution results in a significant improvement in SE values.

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Section: Flat Sheet Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulation of the dual stage pressure retarded osmosis systems

Soltani

Struchtrup

2019

Desalination

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…HTI recently developed a TFC flat-sheet membrane for PRO applications which has a water flux more than double the previous CTA membrane with a salt rejection of 99.3% [74,75]. The HTI TFC membrane possesses a polysulfone porous support layer with an embedded woven mesh, and the total membrane thickness is about 115 μm.…”

Section: Figure 12mentioning

confidence: 99%