Design and performance of a high-efficiency laboratory electro-magnet

Bowen, L.

doi:10.1088/0950-7671/34/7/303

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…A pole gap of about 1 inch is needed to accommodate the crystal and cryostat. A typical iron-core magnet satisfying these requirements weighs over two tons, and dissipates 18 kw of power (Bowen 1957).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and fluorescence spectra of ions in crystals

Runciman

1958

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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The absorption and fluorescence spectra provide direct information about the energy levels of the ions in a crystal. Alternatively, the ions may be regarded as probes measuring the crystalline field. The introduction deals with the influence of the crystal on the energy levels of the free ions. After a brief description of the experimental techniques, which include measurements down to ~O K , the various ion groups are considered in some detail. Ions of the 3d group are often in approximately octahedral surroundings, and the spectra of such complex ions are described. Then the 4d and 5d groups are discussed. The theory of the spectra of rare-earth salts is reviewed with special reference to polarization and Zeeman effects, and the individual ions are considered. Lastly there are two sections devoted to the heavy metal ions, including thallium, and to uranium and the transuranics, which are of interest because of the importance of the 5f electrons in the interpretation of the spectra. $ 1 . I N T R O D U C T I O NH E study of the optical spectra of crystals is one of the oldest branches of spectroscopy, and some of the substances found to be of interest in the late T nineteenth century, e.g. ruby and the uranyl salts, are still actively investigated today. Since optical absorption is essentially a process in which a quantum of light is absorbed, it is not surprising that theoretical understanding was delayed

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%