Design and Optimization of Flexible Polypyrrole/Bacterial Cellulose Conductive Nanocomposites Using Response Surface Methodology

Chen, Yasong; Wang, Fuying; Dong, Lipan; Li, Zheng; Chen, Li; Xinhai, He; Gong, Jixian; Zhang, Jianfei; Li, Qiujin

doi:10.3390/polym11060960

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Electrical conductivity enables materials to be utilized in electronic devices or as conducting membranes for sensor application 124,125 . The electrical conductivity of PPy is influenced by several crucial factors, such as type of oxidants, initial O/M, dopants or surfactants, polymerization temperature, and polymerization time 126‐128 . Based on the aid of Taguchi method, Utami et al 127 found that the type of oxidants and O/M are the two key factors that significantly affect PPy conductivity.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Ppy Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and factor affecting on the conductivity of polypyrrole: a short review

Pang

Arsad

Ahmadipour

2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

123

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Polypyrrole (PPy) has unique features such as easy synthesis, environmental stability, and high electrical conductivity (approximately 105 S/cm and even >380 S/cm) for bulk and thin‐film materials. Thus, PPy is applied in numerous well‐established applications, such as in sensors, supercapacitors, and resonators. These applications take advantage of the unique properties achieved through the structure and properties of PPy. This article comprehensively elaborates the methods used to synthesize conductive PPy, along with the important factors affecting its conductivity. Emphasis is given to versatile and basic approaches that enable control of the microstructural features that eventually determine PPy conductivity. Despite the intensive research in this area, no previous study has presented all possible relevant information about PPy fabrication and the important factors influencing its electrical conductivity.

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Section: Factors Affecting Ppy Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and factor affecting on the conductivity of polypyrrole: a short review

Pang

Arsad

Ahmadipour

2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

123

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“…Since the RSM approach, specifically the CDD, has been widely used in polymer optimization [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], it was therefore adopted in this study. The main objectives of this paper are: (i) To identify the significant effect of different factors (RHA/AA and SiR/Ge ratios) on the moisture absorption and fire retardant properties of rice husk ash/silicone rubber-based binary blended geopolymer coating composite, (ii) to determine the optimum composition for the blended geopolymer coating composite, and (iii) to study the microstructure of the blended geopolymer coating composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Husk Ash/Silicone Rubber-Based Binary Blended Geopolymer Coating Composite: Fire Retardant, Moisture Absorption, Optimize Composition, and Microstructural Analysis

et al. 2021

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Geopolymer coating using rice husk ash (RHA) as the aluminosilicate source has shown excellent fire retardant properties. However, incorporation of rice husk ash into the geopolymer matrix increased water absorption properties of the polymer composite. As such, silicone rubber (SiR) was introduced to improve the moisture absorption and fire retardant properties of the composite. Additionally, the less efficient one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was conventionally used in past studies on the RHA-based geopolymer composite. In understanding the optimum value and significant effect of factors on the fire retardant and moisture absorption properties of the binary blended geopolymer coating composite, the use of statistical analysis and regression coefficient model (mathematical model) was considered essential. The objectives of this study are to identify the significant effect of factors on moisture absorption and fire retardant properties, to determine the optimum composition, and to study the microstructure of the rice husk ash/silicone rubber (RHA/SiR)-based binary blended geopolymer coating composite. The RHA/AA and SiR/Ge ratios were chosen as factors, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to design experiments and conduct analyses. Fire retardant and moisture absorption tests were conducted. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure of geopolymer samples. The RHA/alkaline activator (AA) and SiR/Ge ratios were shown to have a significant effect on the responses (temperature at equilibrium and moisture absorption). The high ratio of RHA/AA and SiR/Ge resulted in a lower temperature at equilibrium (TAE) below 200°C and at moisture absorption below 16%. The optimum formulation for the geopolymer coating composite can be achieved when the RHA/AA ratio, SiR/Ge ratio, and sodium hydroxide concentration are set at 0.85, 0.70, and 14 M, respectively. SEM micrographs of samples with good fire retardant properties showed that the char residue of the geopolymer composite coating, which is a layer of excess silicone rubber, is porous and continuous, thus providing a shielding effect for the layer of geopolymer underneath. The sample with good moisture absorption showed the formation of a thin outer layer of silicone rubber without any cracks. The unreacted SiR formed a thin layer beneath the geopolymer composite matrix providing a good moisture barrier.

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“…Since response surface methodology (RSM), specifically the CCD (a type of RSM design), has been widely used in polymer optimization [ 17 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], it will, therefore, be adopted in this study. The main objectives of this paper are: (i) to determine the significance of each of two factors (RHA/AA ratio and curing temperature) and their interaction on the adhesion strength of RHA-based GCC, (ii) to elucidate the relationship between the factors and the response under adhesion test, (iii) to optimize the factors to provide the maximum adhesion strength of GCC, and (iv) to elucidate the material behavior of GCC under similar tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Adhesion Strength and Microstructure Properties by Using Response Surface Methodology in Enhancing the Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Coating

et al. 2020

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As a result of their significant importance and applications in vast areas, including oil and gas, building construction, offshore structures, ships, and bridges, coating materials are regularly exposed to harsh environments which leads to coating delamination. Therefore, optimum interfacial bonding between coating and substrate, and the reason behind excellent adhesion strength is of utmost importance. However, the majority of studies on polymer coatings have used a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. The main objective of this study was to implement statistical analysis in optimizing the factors to provide the optimum adhesion strength and to study the microstructure of a rice husk ash (RHA)-based geopolymer composite coating (GCC). Response surface methodology was used to design experiments and perform analyses. RHA/alkali activated (AA) ratio and curing temperature were chosen as factors. Adhesion tests were carried out using an Elcometer and a scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure. Results showed that an optimum adhesion strength of 4.7 MPa could be achieved with the combination of RHA/AA ratio of 0.25 and curing temperature at 75 °C. The microstructure analysis revealed that coating with high adhesion strength had good interfacial bonding with the substrate. This coating had good wetting ability in which the coating penetrated the valleys of the profiles, thus wetting the entire substrate surface. A large portion of dense gel matrix also contributed to the high adhesion strength. Conversely, a large quantity of unreacted or partially reacted particles may result in low adhesion strength.

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Design and Optimization of Flexible Polypyrrole/Bacterial Cellulose Conductive Nanocomposites Using Response Surface Methodology

Cited by 30 publications

References 73 publications

Synthesis and factor affecting on the conductivity of polypyrrole: a short review

Synthesis and factor affecting on the conductivity of polypyrrole: a short review

Rice Husk Ash/Silicone Rubber-Based Binary Blended Geopolymer Coating Composite: Fire Retardant, Moisture Absorption, Optimize Composition, and Microstructural Analysis

Optimization of Adhesion Strength and Microstructure Properties by Using Response Surface Methodology in Enhancing the Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Coating

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