Design and Optimization for Energy-Efficient Cooperative MIMO Transmission in Ad Hoc Networks

A Hybrid Energy Efficient Cooperative Transmission Scheme in Multi‐Hop Wireless Sensor Networks

“…The total energy consumption of the long‐haul phase is expressed as where E lh expresses the energy consumption per bit of the long‐haul phase. E i t , E j r , and E lh is calculated by using the below link budget relationship according to where being the required average energy per bit at receiver for a given bit error ratio (BER) can be carried out using , α = ξ/ η −1 with η being the drain efficiency of the radio frequency power amplifiers and ξ being the peak to average ratio, G t is the transmitter antenna gain, G r is the receiver antenna gain, d is the transmission distance, λ is the carrier wavelength, N f is the receiver noise figure, M l is the link margin, R b is the transmission bit rate, and P c is the power consumption of the circuit block. In addition, when we consider the detection energy consumption E d ( total ) , the total energy consumption is where E d (total) = E d × N i with E d being the energy consumption per bit for detection according to .…”

“…where E lh expresses the energy consumption per bit of the longhaul phase. E i t , E j r , and E lh is calculated by using the below link budget relationship according to [2]…”

“…PENG, J. LI, AND X.-Q. JIANG where E b being the required average energy per bit at receiver for a given bit error ratio (BER) can be carried out using [2,4], α = ξ /η−1 with η being the drain efficiency of the radio frequency power amplifiers and ξ being the peak to average ratio, G t is the transmitter antenna gain, G r is the receiver antenna gain, d is the transmission distance, λ is the carrier wavelength, N f is the receiver noise figure, M l is the link margin, R b is the transmission bit rate, and P c is the power consumption of the circuit block.…”

A New Bio-Inspired for Cooperative Data Transmission of IoT

“…CMIMO has been widely applied to WSN and IoT. It has also been suggested to be a good protocol in increasing throughput and more efficient for long-distance transmission [32][33][34][35]. CMIMO operates on a logical layer where several nodes are recruited as cooperative nodes (CN) to open the virtual communication channels resembling a multi-input multi-output system (MIMO).…”

“…Thus, cooperative nodes can receive multiple data and relay multiple data at once. The discussion about CMIMO is mostly geared on the selection of nodes as candidates for CNs [32] and channel state estimation models [31][32][33][34][35][36]. The selection of CNs has been very diverse, starting by utilizing intelligent systems such as GA, PSO, Fuzzy, and NN [7], [42][43][44][45][46]57].…”