“…The total energy consumption of the long‐haul phase is expressed as where E lh expresses the energy consumption per bit of the long‐haul phase. E i t , E j r , and E lh is calculated by using the below link budget relationship according to where being the required average energy per bit at receiver for a given bit error ratio (BER) can be carried out using , α = ξ/ η −1 with η being the drain efficiency of the radio frequency power amplifiers and ξ being the peak to average ratio, G t is the transmitter antenna gain, G r is the receiver antenna gain, d is the transmission distance, λ is the carrier wavelength, N f is the receiver noise figure, M l is the link margin, R b is the transmission bit rate, and P c is the power consumption of the circuit block. In addition, when we consider the detection energy consumption E d ( total ) , the total energy consumption is where E d (total) = E d × N i with E d being the energy consumption per bit for detection according to .…”