Design and Implementation of Maiden Dual-Level Controller for Ameliorating Frequency Control in a Hybrid Microgrid

Abstract

It is known that keeping the power balance between generation and demand is crucial in containing the system frequency within acceptable limits. This is especially important for renewable based distributed hybrid microgrid (DHμG) systems where deviations are more likely to occur. In order to address these issues, this article develops a prominent dual-level “proportional-integral-one plus double derivative {PI−(1 + DD)} controller” as a new controller for frequency control (FC) of DHμG system. The proposed control approach has been tested in DHμG system that consists of wind, tide and biodiesel generators as well as hybrid plug-in electric vehicle and an electric heater. The performance of the modified controller is tested by comparing it with standard proportional-integral (PI) and classical PID (CPID) controllers considering two test scenarios. Further, a recently developed mine blast technique (MBA) is utilized to optimize the parameters of the newly designed {PI − (1 + DD)} controller. The controller’s performance results are compared with cases where particle swarm optimization (PSO) and firefly (FF) techniques are used as benchmarks. The superiority of the MBA-{PI − (1 + DD)} controller in comparison to other two strategies is illustrated by comparing performance parameters such as maximum frequency overshoot, maximum frequency undershoot and stabilization time. The displayed comparative objective function (J) and JFOD index also shows the supremacy of the proposed controller. With this MBA optimized {PI − (1 + DD)} controller, frequency deviations can be kept within acceptable limits even with high renewable energy penetration.

Isolated and Interconnected Multi-Area Hybrid Power Systems: A Review on Control Strategies

“…As a result, the HPS are controlled using various traditional controls such as Proportional (P), Proportional-Integral (PI), and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), as defined in [45,48,50,67,68,74,100,102,104,109,116,117,[138][139][140][141][142][143]. Other controllers, like the H∞ controller, A Two Degree of Freedom (2DOF) PI/PID controllers, fractional-order (FO) based controllers, and double stage controller, are often included in several of the cases discussed in [129,130,[143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153] as listed in Table 3 below. Figure 2 shows the overall control strategy for the hybrid power system along with conventional and non-conventional renewable energy sources.…”

“…The system consists of a solar photovoltaic array and a hybrid solar-thermal with Biogas power, which also is intended to obtain electricity from the community's biodegradable waste. A biodiesel generator and battery storage are both included in the system to cope with power variability [147,150]. Additionally, the comparative performance of 3A-HPS in the presence and the absence of PEVs have been investigated under step and random variation in the generation and in the load.…”

Optimized cascade fractional‐order 3DOF‐controller for frequency regulation of a hybrid power system using marine predators algorithm

“…The flower pollination algorithm (FPA)‐tuned PID controller is researched for power‐frequency regulation in 11 . The frequency regulation problem of a renewable‐based distributed hybrid microgrid has been discussed employing duel‐level proportional‐integral‐one plus double derivative controller 12 . Coordinated control of blade pitch angle of WPG applying model predictive control (MPC) is reported in Reference 13.…”

Optimized Demand-Side Day-Ahead Generation Scheduling Model for a Wind–Photovoltaic–Energy Storage Hydrogen Production System

“…Through an investigation of the balance between the minimum operating cost and energy storage device of a hybrid electricity–hydrogen system, Pu et al 9 explored how each system module could perform better. To solve the power balance problem between power generation and demand in energy systems, Latif et al 10 had developed a prominent dual-level “proportional-integral-one plus double derivative controller”. What is more, a recently developed mine blast technique is utilized to optimize the parameters of the newly designed controller.…”