Design and implementation of a beam-steering antenna array using butler matrix feed network for X-band applications

Reddy, Mekala Harinath; Siddle, D. R.; Sheela, D.

doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2022.154147

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[93] Antennas can also be integrated into arrays, which increases their efficiency for low input powers [94] and allow electronic steering of the radiation beam by altering the phase of the radiating elements, resulting in a moving radiation pattern without mechanical movement. [95] When choosing or designing the antenna, the following factors should be considered: gain, operational bandwidths, impedance, and size. [55,66] In the receiving antenna, the gain describes how well the antenna converts electromagnetic radiation from the specific direction into electrical power compared to an optimal omnidirectional or isotropic antenna.…”

Section: Rectenna Design and Efficiency In Eh And Wpt System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed Electronics in Radiofrequency Energy Harvesters and Wireless Power Transfer Rectennas for IoT Applications

Skarżyński

Słoma

2023

Adv Elect Materials

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The Internet of Things is currently one of the fastest-growing branches in electronics. The development of energy storage systems and the miniaturization of dedicated printed circuit boards significantly influence that growth. However, the need for batteries and traditional printed circuit boards still limits devices' minimum size, weight, and cost, narrowing the application area. Energy harvesters and wireless power transfer systems fabricated with printed electronics can significantly reduce such devices' weight, size, and cost. Printed electronics technology provides scalable tools for many electronics applications, shortening the validation time and enabling new low-cost or disposable solutions on lightweight and flexible substrates embedded inside 3D printed structures and directly on device housings. Energy harvesting and wireless power transfer systems in electronic devices can provide enough power to minimize battery capacity and size or even eliminate the need for batteries in low-power applications. This review presents an adaptation of printed electronics technology in the fabrication of radio frequency energy harvesters and wireless power transfer rectennas for IoT applications. Last, perspectives for development towards greater integration with microsystems, transient electronics with ecofriendly materials, adaptation for next-generation telecommunication systems, and 3D structural electronics solutions are briefly discussed.

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Section: Rectenna Design and Efficiency In Eh And Wpt System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed Electronics in Radiofrequency Energy Harvesters and Wireless Power Transfer Rectennas for IoT Applications

Skarżyński

Słoma

2023

Adv Elect Materials

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“…(v) The feeding network design is complicated. In [ 21 ], the authors presented a switched beam antenna array. The main beam steering is performed using a 4 × 4 Butler matrix phase-shifter.…”

Section: Comparison With State-of-the-art Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Antenna Array Sectorized Beam Scanning Approaches Using Element Position Perturbation in the Azimuth Plane

El-Rahman

Elkhawaga

Hussein

et al. 2023

Sensors

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In this paper, two sector beam scanning approaches (BSAs) based on element position perturbations (EPPs) in the azimuth plane are introduced. In EPP-BSA, the elements’ excitations are kept constant and the elements’ positions in the direction normal to the array line are changed according to a predetermined EPP pattern. The magnitude and repetition rate of the selected EPP pattern determines the steering angle of the main beam. However, EPP-BSA results in a wide scanning range with a significant increase in the side lobe level (SLL). To mitigate this drawback, a reduction in the SLL of the array pattern is firstly performed using the single convolution/genetic algorithm (SC/GA) technique and then perturbing the elements’ positions in the azimuth plane. This combination between SLL reduction and EPP-BSA (SLL/EPP-BSA) results in a smaller scanning range with a relatively constant half power beamwidth (HPBW) and a much lower SLL. In addition, keeping the synthesized excitation coefficients constant without adding progressive phase shifters facilitates the manufacturing process and reduces the cost of the feeding network. Furthermore, a planar antenna array thinning approach is proposed to realize the EPP-BSA. The results are realized using the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio software package, which provides users with an optimized modeling environment and results in realizable and realistic designs.

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“…These couplers have a broad bandwidth as proven below. We used Equations ( 4) and ( 5) of [24] to calculate the impedance Z c of the lines of the couplers, and all designs are constructed on a single-layered Rogers substrate that has relative permittivity ϵ r = 3.38 and high h = 0.813 mm.…”

Section: Couplers Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Wideband Beamforming Antenna for 5G Applications by Eliminating the Phase Shifters and Crossovers from the Butler Matrix

Bembarka¹,

Setti²,

Tribak³

et al. 2023

PIER C

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In this study, a novel Switched Beam Antenna (SBA) system is proposed and experimentally validated for C-band applications. The system is made up of a 4 × 4 Butler matrix, whose outputs are connected to four square-looped radiator antenna elements. The originality of the proposed work depends on the construction of a miniaturized beamforming network with minimal complexity, low loss, and low expense. Moreover, designing a system with a broad frequency range enables its use in a variety of applications. Miniaturization is achieved by eliminating the crossover and integrating the 45 • shifter into the 90 • hybrid coupler, as well as tilting the antenna array (i.e., making the Butler matrix output and the feed line of the antenna element orthogonal). The simulated results of the phase difference between the suggested Butler matrix outputs closely match the −45 • -135 • theoretical calculations. The SBA measured results show a wide bandwidth and low insertion loss of 63.64% (4.21-8.14 GHz) and −4.89 dB, respectively. Four orthogonal beams are produced by the proposed structure's input ports 1-4 when they are excited. These beams are aligned at angles of −10 • , 60 • , −60 • , and 10 • at 5.7 GHz.

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Design and implementation of a beam-steering antenna array using butler matrix feed network for X-band applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Printed Electronics in Radiofrequency Energy Harvesters and Wireless Power Transfer Rectennas for IoT Applications

Printed Electronics in Radiofrequency Energy Harvesters and Wireless Power Transfer Rectennas for IoT Applications

Linear Antenna Array Sectorized Beam Scanning Approaches Using Element Position Perturbation in the Azimuth Plane

A Novel Wideband Beamforming Antenna for 5G Applications by Eliminating the Phase Shifters and Crossovers from the Butler Matrix

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