Design and fabrication of the detector technology for SCUBA-2

Walton, A.J.; Parkes, W.; Terry, Jonathan G.; Dunare, Camelia; Stevenson, J.T.M.; Gundlach, A.M.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Ullom, Joel N.; Holland, W. S.; Duncan, William; Audley, M. D.; Sudiwala, R.; Schulte, Eric

doi:10.1049/ip-smt:20040088

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The advan− tages of TES with negative feedback include linearity, band− width, and immunity of the response to changes in external parameters (e.g., the absorbed optical power and the tem− perature of the heat sink). Consequently, these devices are suitable for fabrication of large format horn−coupled and filled arrays required for many new missions offering advantages over semiconducting bolometers [237][238][239]. In practice, the bias voltage V b is chosen so that, for the small optical power P, the TES will be heated to a steep point on the temperature transition.…”

Section: Transition Edge Sensor Bolometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most ambitious example of TES bolometer array is that used in the submillimeter camera -submillimetre com− mon−user bolometer array (SCUBA −2) with 10,240 pixels [238,250] μm). The upper surface of this wafer has been previously implanted with phosphorus to match the impedance of free space (377 W/square).…”

Section: Transition Edge Sensor Bolometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two components are assembled into an array using indium bump bonding. Further details are in Walton et al [238] and Woodcraft et al [251]. In addition to the arrays for SCUBA−2, various forms of TES−based bolometers with SQUID readouts are under active development [49,253].…”

Section: Transition Edge Sensor Bolometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Rogalski

Сизов

2011

Opto-Electronics Review

318

225

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Terahertz (THz) technology is one of emerging technologies that will change our life. A lot of attractive applications in security, medicine, biology, astronomy, and non-destructive materials testing have been demonstrated already. However, the realization of THz emitters and receivers is a challenge because the frequencies are too high for conventional electronics and the photon energies are too small for classical optics. As a result, THz radiation is resistant to the techniques commonly employed in these well established neighbouring bands.In the paper, issues associated with the development and exploitation of THz radiation detectors and focal plane arrays are discussed. Historical impressive progress in THz detector sensitivity in a period of more than half century is analyzed. More attention is put on the basic physical phenomena and the recent progress in both direct and heterodyne detectors. After short description of general classification of THz detectors, more details concern Schottky barrier diodes, pair braking detectors, hot electron mixers and field-effect transistor detectors, where links between THz devices and modern technologies such as micromachining are underlined. Also, the operational conditions of THz detectors and their upper performance limits are reviewed. Finally, recent advances in novel nanoelectronic materials and technologies are described. It is expected that applications of nanoscale materials and devices will open the door for further performance improvement in THz detectors.

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Section: Transition Edge Sensor Bolometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transition Edge Sensor Bolometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Rogalski

Сизов

2011

Opto-Electronics Review

318

225

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“…The transition temperature is tuned via the proximity effect by choosing the thicknesses in a molybdenum-copper bi-layer. Thermal isolation of the sensing element is achieved using a silicon nitride membrane [2]. This choice of detector permits an array to be fabricated without assembling pixels individually, and for a multiplexed readout to be used, reducing the wire count to a reasonable level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCUBA-2 therefore uses an in-focal-plane architecture, in which the multiplexing elements are located beneath each pixel. Indium bump bonds carry electrical signals from each pixel to the multiplexer circuitry beneath as well as providing bonding between the multiplexer [4] and detector [2] wafers. The measurements presented here represent the first tests of a detector array using this construction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First Tests of Prototype SCUBA-2 Superconducting Bolometer Array

Woodcraft¹,

Bintley²,

Hunt³

et al. 2006

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. We present results of the first tests on a 1280 pixel superconducting bolometer array, a prototype for SCUBA-2, a sub-mm camera being built for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii. The bolometers are TES (transition edge sensor) detectors; these take advantage of the large variation of resistance with temperature through the superconducting transition. To keep the number of wires reasonable, a multiplexed read-out is used. Each pixel is read out through an individual DC SQUID; room temperature electronics switch between rows in the array by biasing the appropriate SQUIDs in turn. Arrays of 100 SQUIDs in series for each column then amplify the output. Unlike previous TES arrays, the multiplexing elements are located beneath each pixel, making large arrays possible, but construction more challenging. The detectors are constructed from Mo/Cu bi-layers; this technique enables the transition temperature to be tuned using the proximity effect by choosing the thickness of the normal and superconducting materials. To achieve the required performance, the detectors are operated at a temperature of approximately 120 mK. We describe the results of a basic characterisation of the array, demonstrating that it is fully operational, and give the results of signal to noise measurements. Astronomy at sub-mm wavelengths (hundreds of microns) is relatively new. In the last decade, state of the art systems have improved from single pixel detectors to arrays of hundreds of pixels. There are huge advantages to be gained from increasing the number of pixels still further, if this can be done without compromising performance. This paper describes tests on a prototype 1280 pixel detector sub-array for a new instrument, SCUBA-2 [1]. With over 10 000 pixels in total, this will give a revolutionary improvement over existing instruments in sensitivity and mapping speed, and bring CCD-style imaging to the sub-mm for the first time. To appear in the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on LowBolometers are the most sensitive detectors for broadband measurements at sub-mm wavelengths. Most existing arrays use semiconductors as the temperature sensing element. However, these have reached the sensitivity limits possible for this technology. Moreover, it is difficult to scale such arrays to more than a few hundred pixels since they involve manual steps in the construction of the pixels, and require separate wiring to each detector.SCUBA-2 uses TES (transition edge sensor) detectors. These obtain high sensitivity from the large change in resistance through the superconducting transition. A constant bias voltage results in negative feedback to temperature changes due to changes in incident power, keeping the detector in the superconducting transition without the need for active temperature control. The transition temperature is tuned via the proximity effect by choosing the thicknesses in a molybdenum-copper bi-layer. Thermal isolation of the sensing element is achieved using a silicon nitride membrane [2]. This choice...

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Scuba-2 CCD-Style Imaging for the JCMT

Ellis

2006

Exp Astron

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SCUBA-2 will replace SCUBA (Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in 2006 and will be the first CCD-style camera for submillimetre astronomy. The instrument will simultaneously image at 850 and 450 microns using two focal plane arrays of 5120 pixels each. SCUBA-2 will map the submillimetre sky 1000 times faster than SCUBA to the same signal-to-noise ratio. This paper introduces the detector technology and the challenges faced in reading out a detector array cooled to ∼120 mK.

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Design and fabrication of the detector technology for SCUBA-2

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

First Tests of Prototype SCUBA-2 Superconducting Bolometer Array

Scuba-2 CCD-Style Imaging for the JCMT

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