Design and Fabrication of PTFE Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Butler Matrix for Short Millimeter Waves

Kishihara, Mitsuyoshi; Fujitani, Kaito; Yamaguchi, Akinobu; Utsumi, Yuichi; Ohta, Isao

doi:10.1587/transele.2022ecs6003

IEICE Trans. Electron.

2023

DOI: 10.1587/transele.2022ecs6003

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Design and Fabrication of PTFE Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Butler Matrix for Short Millimeter Waves

Mitsuyoshi Kishihara

Kaito Fujitani

Akinobu Yamaguchi

et al.

Abstract: We attempt to design and fabricate of a 4×4 Butler matrix for short-millimeter-wave frequencies by using the microfabrication process for a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) by the synchrotron radiation (SR) direct etching of PTFE and the addition of a metal film by sputter deposition. First, the dimensions of the PTFE SIW using rectangular through-holes for G-band (140-220 GHz) operation are determined, and a cruciform 90 • hybrid coupler and an intersection circuit are conne… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Development of a microwave chemical cell coupled with post-wall waveguide for in situ/operando soft x-ray absorbance spectroscopy under microwave irradiation

Fujitani,

Suzuki,

Kishihara

et al. 2024

Journal of Applied Physics

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In this study, we developed a microwave chemical cell for total electron yield soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) using synchrotron radiation under microwave irradiation. In addition, in situ XAS measurements of ammonia borane were performed using the device developed. The device comprises a post-wall waveguide housing a sample holder formed within it. Electrons emitted from the sample during soft x-ray irradiation pass through the metal plates of the waveguide and are measured using a picoammeter. Integration of the microwave irradiation structure into a synchrotron radiation beamline, which is a challenge in soft x-ray analysis requiring measurements in a high-vacuum atmosphere, was achieved by miniaturizing the device using 24.125 GHz ISM band microwaves, instead of the typical 2.45 GHz microwaves. Performance of the device was thoroughly assessed through temperature distribution simulation, temperature measurement of water, and evaluation of frequency characteristics. When the sample holder was filled with water and irradiated with 3 W microwaves, the temperature increased to 97 °C, which is close to the boiling point. The in situ XAS measurements performed using this device with ammonia borane/graphite (2:1) powder at the B-K edge during microwave irradiation showed that peaks associated with hydrogen desorption intensified with prolonged microwave exposure. This result indicates that microwave heating in a vacuum and soft x-ray analysis during microwave heating were achieved. The developed microwave chemical cell emerges as a powerful tool, facilitating advancements in our understanding of elementary chemical processes and elucidating microwave-specific effects such as local heating during microwave irradiation.

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Development of a microwave chemical cell coupled with post-wall waveguide for in situ/operando soft x-ray absorbance spectroscopy under microwave irradiation

Fujitani,

Suzuki,

Kishihara

et al. 2024

Journal of Applied Physics

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High-Efficiency Polishing of Polymer Surface Using Catalyst-Referred Etching

Toh,

Takeda,

Kayao

et al. 2024

IJAT

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Previously, we developed an abrasive-free polishing technique called catalyst-referred etching (CARE) for inorganic materials. In this method, the topmost site of the workpiece surface is preferentially removed via an indirect hydrolysis reaction promoted by a metal catalyst. In this study, we proposed applying the CARE method to polymer material polishing and demonstrated the polishing characteristics. Using the CARE method, polycarbonate, which has an easy cleavage of ester bond via hydrolysis, was polished, resulting in the smoothness of the surface roughness below 1.0 nm. Based on the surface observations, the removal mechanism was estimated as follows. Molecule chains are entangled to form clusters constituting the polymer surface and help determine the surface roughness. In the CARE method, the top of this cluster was selectively removed, thus creating a smooth surface. Polymers with C–C bonds, such as polymethyl methacrylate and fluorinated ethylene propylene, were also smoothed using the CARE method. These results indicate that the CARE method is highly effective in polishing polymer materials.

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Design and Fabrication of PTFE Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Butler Matrix for Short Millimeter Waves

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Development of a microwave chemical cell coupled with post-wall waveguide for in situ/operando soft x-ray absorbance spectroscopy under microwave irradiation

Development of a microwave chemical cell coupled with post-wall waveguide for in situ/operando soft x-ray absorbance spectroscopy under microwave irradiation

High-Efficiency Polishing of Polymer Surface Using Catalyst-Referred Etching

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