Design and fabrication of bimodal meso-mesoporous WO3 thin films and their electrochromic properties

Wang, Wei; Pang, Yongxin; Hodgson, Simon

doi:10.1039/c0jm01446j

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] Among these materials, tungsten(VI) oxide (WO 3 ) is a particular metal oxide which can offer a wide range of technological applications. energy storage, electrochromic devices, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][20][21][22] Various synthesis methods such as sol-gel, 2,3,20 spray pyrolysis/sputtering, 23,24 and hydrothermal synthesis, 25,26 are commonly employed for the elaboration of WO 3 leading to different morphologies. [2][3][4][20][21][22] Various synthesis methods such as sol-gel, 2,3,20 spray pyrolysis/sputtering, 23,24 and hydrothermal synthesis, 25,26 are commonly employed for the elaboration of WO 3 leading to different morphologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ion intercalation dynamics of electrosynthesized mesoporous WO₃ thin films studied by multi-scale coupled electrogravimetric methods

Razzaghi

Debiemme‐Chouvy

Pillier

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Mesoporous WO3 thin films were prepared electrochemically by using an ionic surfactant during the synthesis, and the electrochemical properties are investigated in comparison with their dense analogues. This report specifically highlights the suitability of a time resolved coupled electrogravimetric method to follow meticulously the ion intercalation/extraction phenomena which revealed the enhanced ion intercalation/extraction behavior of electrodeposited mesoporous WO3 thin films for diverse applications in energy storage and electrochromism. This methodology (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and its coupling with a fast quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)) has the ability to detect the contribution of the charged or uncharged species during the electrochemical processes, and to deconvolute the global EQCM responses into the anionic, cationic, and the free solvent contributions. Our study identifies the involvement of several charged species (Li(+), Li(+)·H2O) in the compensation of charge, and H2O molecules indirectly contribute to the process in both dense and mesoporous WO3 thin films. Even a slight contribution of ClO4(-) ions was detected in the case of mesoporous analogues. The results of the study indicate that the transfer resistances of Li(+) and Li(+)·H2O are decreased when the WO3 films are mesoporous. A more significant difference is observed for the larger and partially dehydrated Li(+)·H2O ions, suggesting that increased surface area and pore volume created by mesoporous morphology facilitate the transfer of larger charged species. The relative concentration changes of cations are also magnified in the mesoporous films. The final concentration variations are higher in mesoporous films than that in the dense analogues; ∼4 times and ∼10 times higher for Li(+) and for Li(+)·H2O, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, an unambiguous identification of species other than desolvated cations (e.g. Li(+) ions), the information on their transfer dynamics and quantification of the transferred species have never been reported in the literature to describe the charge compensation process in WO3 based electrodes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion intercalation dynamics of electrosynthesized mesoporous WO₃ thin films studied by multi-scale coupled electrogravimetric methods

Razzaghi

Debiemme‐Chouvy

Pillier

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Generally, WO 3 film is fabricated on a transparent conductive substrate to form a working electrode in an EC device. The approaches to fabricating WO 3 films including sputtering, 9,10 pulsed laser deposition, 11,12 sol-gel, [13][14][15][16] electrodeposition, 17 anodic oxidation, 18,19 thermal evaporation, 20 chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 21 hot-wire CVD 22 and electrophoresis deposition (EPD). 23 However, each of these methods has one or more characteristic drawbacks, including being highly energetic, being vacuum dependent, or requiring exotic and often dangerous reagents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermally synthesized WO3 nanowire arrays with highly improved electrochromic performance

et al. 2011

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A hexagonal WO 3 nanowire array film is obtained using a template-free hydrothermal method by adding ammonium sulfate as a capping agent. The WO 3 nanowires grown vertically on a FTO-coated glass substrate are woven together at the surface of the film, forming well-aligned arrays at the bottom part and a porous surface morphology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal that each nanowire is a hexagonal single crystal and their long axes are oriented toward the [0001] direction. Due to the highly porous surface, good contact with the conductive substrate and large tunnels of the hexagonal-structured WO 3 , a fast switching speed of 7.6 and 4.2 s for coloration and bleaching, respectively, and a high coloration efficiency of 102.8 cm 2 C À1 are achieved for the WO 3 nanowire array film.

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“…In mixed metal oxide films optical absorption was induced by intense electron transitions between the electronic states like W 5+ and W 6+ and the corresponding lower energy electronic states of Mo (Mo 5+ , Mo 6+ ) thus resulted in improved electrochromic effect. Various thin film deposition techniques such as spray pyrolysis [12,13], sol-gel process [14][15][16], electrodeposition [1,17], thermal oxidation [4], atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition [10], plasma assisted evaporation [18], and DC and magnetron sputtering [5-9, 11, 18, 19] were employed for the growth of pure and doped WO 3 films. Among the physical methods, magnetron sputtering has the advantage for the growth of films on large area substrates and industrially practiced technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, Optical, and Electrochromic Properties of Pure and Mo-Doped WO₃ Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering

Madhavi

Kondaiah

Hussain

et al. 2013

Conference Papers in Energy

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Pure and Mo-doped WO3films were formed on ITO-coated glass substrate held at 473 K by RF magnetron sputtering technique. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of pure and Mo-doped WO3thin films have been systematically studied. The structural properties revealed that the pure WO3films exhibited a (020) reflection related to the orthorhombic phase of WO3, whereas Mo-doped films showed (200) reflection. The surface morphology revealed that pure WO3films showed the dense surface and Mo-doped films contained agglomerated grains which were uniformly distributed on the surface of the substrate. The optical transmittance decreased from 85% to 75% for pure and Mo-doped WO3films, respectively. The electrochromic properties of the films were measured by cyclic voltametry in 1 M Li2SO4electrolyte solution. The optical modulation of pure WO3films at near IR was 50%, and the calculated color efficiency was 33.8 cm2/C, while in Mo-doped WO3the efficiency improved to 42.5 cm2/C.

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Design and fabrication of bimodal meso-mesoporous WO3 thin films and their electrochromic properties

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Ion intercalation dynamics of electrosynthesized mesoporous WO₃ thin films studied by multi-scale coupled electrogravimetric methods

Ion intercalation dynamics of electrosynthesized mesoporous WO₃ thin films studied by multi-scale coupled electrogravimetric methods

Hydrothermally synthesized WO3 nanowire arrays with highly improved electrochromic performance

Structural, Optical, and Electrochromic Properties of Pure and Mo-Doped WO₃ Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering

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Design and fabrication of bimodal meso-mesoporous WO3 thin films and their electrochromic properties

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Ion intercalation dynamics of electrosynthesized mesoporous WO3 thin films studied by multi-scale coupled electrogravimetric methods

Ion intercalation dynamics of electrosynthesized mesoporous WO3 thin films studied by multi-scale coupled electrogravimetric methods

Hydrothermally synthesized WO3 nanowire arrays with highly improved electrochromic performance

Structural, Optical, and Electrochromic Properties of Pure and Mo-Doped WO3 Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering

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Ion intercalation dynamics of electrosynthesized mesoporous WO₃ thin films studied by multi-scale coupled electrogravimetric methods

Ion intercalation dynamics of electrosynthesized mesoporous WO₃ thin films studied by multi-scale coupled electrogravimetric methods

Structural, Optical, and Electrochromic Properties of Pure and Mo-Doped WO₃ Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering