Design and development of ultrawideband‐stacked triangular prism‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna

Abstract

In this letter, a stacked triangular prism shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. A combination of three techniques namely, stacking of DRAs, introduction of triangular shaped conformal patch loop excited by coaxial feed, and fractal geometries are utilized on triangular prism shaped DRA to achieve UWB. Improvement in bandwidth (BW) is achieved by introduction of triangular shaped fractal slots and by sandwiching low permittivity DR material is sandwiched between two high permittivity DR materials. Finally, by introduction of triangular loop shaped conformal patch, UWB is achieved. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured impedance BW of about 120.9% covering frequency range from 3.3 to 13.4 GHz (C‐ and X‐band) is achieved. 98.8% radiation efficiency and average gain of 7 dBi has been achieved over the entire frequency band of interest. Discussions on various design parameters and its associated results are included in this letter.

Review on Ultra Wide Band Indoor Localization

“…The Xtreme Spectrum is MOTOROLA's second-generation chip with speeds up to 114 Mbps and power consumption up to 200 mw, and A small number of prototypes of this chip are already in circulation (Kazemi, 2018). At the same time, Intel showed off its first UWB chip using 90 nm technology at a recent forum, It is also the first demonstration of a 480 Mbps wireless UWB technology with a range of more than 10 M. Since then, Singapore researchers have been able to increase the transmission rate of UWB technology to 500 Mbps, which is the world's fastest UWB technology (Trivedi et al, 2019).…”

Inverted Sierpinski Carpet fractal‐inspired dielectric resonator antenna for wideband applications

“…Fractal DRAs are also investigated by many researchers 13–27 but suffer from low bandwidth, 13–21 for example, 7.1–9.26, 13 2.3845–2.5083 and 3.4056–4.831, 14 3.5–5.0, 15 9.0–11.5, 16 2.23–3.1, 17 2.25–2.60 and 3.10–4.10, 18 5.52–10.72, 19 4.0864–10.49, 20 and 2.6–4.34 GHz 21 . Few other research articles proposed fractal geometry‐based DRA in 22–27 and nonfractal‐based DRA 28,29 having wide impedance bandwidth 23,24,27 but, two problems are associated with them: (i) complex fabrication process and (ii) high fabrication cost, for example, 4–10.1, 22 3.3–13.4, 23 2.8–12, 24 3.5–5.6, 25 4.32–6.30, 26 and 4.8–20 GHz 27 . In two recent articles, the authors have proposed that DRAs have nonfractal structures and wide bandwidth for UWB operation, for example, 1.6–12.2, 28 3.8–9.05, and 10–11.5 GHz 29 but have a comparatively large complex structure and offer low efficiency.…”

“…Fractal DRAs are also investigated by many researchers [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] but suffer from low bandwidth, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] for example, 7.1-9.26, 13 2.3845-2.5083 and 3.4056-4.831, 14 3.5-5.0, 15 9.0-11.5, 16 2.23-3.1, 17 2.25-2.60 and 3.10-4.10, 18 5.52-10.72, 19 4.0864-10.49, 20 and 2.6-4.34 GHz. 21 Few other research articles proposed fractal geometry-based DRA in [22][23][24][25][26][27] and nonfractal-based DRA 28,29 having wide impedance bandwidth 23,24,27 but, two problems are associated with them: (i) complex fabrication process and (ii) high fabrication cost, for example, 4-10.1, 22 3.3-13.4, 23 2.8-12, 24 3.5-5.6, 25 4.32-6.30, …”

“…The proposed DRA having a compact structure confirms a wide impedance bandwidth of 3.5-10.34 GHz (i.e., 98.84%), a maximum gain of 7.01 dBi, and maximum radiation efficiency of 98% compared with existing DRAs. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The variable gain and high radiation efficiency characteristics allow the proposed DRA to be applicable for cellular communication repeaters, local area networks (LANs), and vehicular communication, where mobile equipment can readily select the suitable radiation beamwidth and gain within the UWB range.…”

A novel probe‐fed directional dielectric resonator antenna for mobile communication

“…13,14 Compared with single-layer DRA, stacked DRA with different dielectric constants has wider bandwidth from 8.7% to 15%. 15 In Trivedi and Pujara, 16 a low dielectric constant dielectric resonator is inserted between two high dielectric constant dielectric resonator to form a stacked triangular prism. The ultra-wideband impedance bandwidth of 120.9% is realized by introducing triangular annular conformal patch.…”