Design and characterisation of the new CIS115 sensor for JANUS, the high resolution camera on JUICE

Soman, Matthew R.; Holland, Andrew D.; Stefanov, Konstantin D.; Gow, Jason; Leese, M. R.; Pratlong, Jérôme; Turner, Peter S.

doi:10.1117/12.2056810

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The non-linear conversion has been well fitted using a quadratic function, allowing a full well of 3.4 x 10 4 electrons pixel -1 to be measured. The conversion gain measured using the methods described here can be compared to the conversion gain measured using an iron-55 source of 48.3 µV electron -1 [4]. An iron-55 calibration uses manganese K α X-rays (5898 eV) that on average generate approximately 1616 electrons in silicon; therefore the iron-55 technique provides a calibration at a single signal level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous publication [4] describes the CIS115 architecture in more detail, and presents some initial characterisation results performed at the Open University including a calibration measurement achieved using an iron-55 radiation source. The calibration allows conversion of the sensor output from a voltage into electrons detected at the pixel, but the responsivity must be assumed to be linear with signal level in order to extrapolate the measurement across the full dynamic range of the detector.…”

Section: Janus: An Optical Camera For Observing the Jovian Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optical design and detector arrangement are optimised to provide an angular resolution of 15 µrad pixel -1 , which combined with an orbital distance from the surface of Ganymede of 200 km will allow effective surface imaging of Ganymede at resolutions better than 10 m pixel -1 [3]. The image sensor selected for JANUS is the CIS115, a CMOS image sensor with a photosensitive area of 2000 rows by 1504 columns, where each pixel is 7 µm square [4]. The 14 × 10 mm 2 sensitive area provides a field of view of 1.72 × 1.29 degrees 2 when integrated into the JANUS optics.…”

Section: Janus: An Optical Camera For Observing the Jovian Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Non-linear responsivity characterisation of a CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for high resolution imaging of the Jovian system

Soman

Stefanov²,

Weatherill³

et al. 2015

J. Inst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Jovian system is the subject of study for the Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE), an ESA mission which is planned to launch in 2022. The scientific payload is designed for both characterisation of the magnetosphere and radiation environment local to the spacecraft, as well as remote characterisation of Jupiter and its satellites. A key instrument on JUICE is the high resolution and wide angle camera, JANUS, whose main science goals include detailed characterisation and study phases of three of the Galilean satellites, Ganymede, Callisto and Europa, as well as studies of other moons, the ring system, and irregular satellites.The CIS115 is a CMOS Active Pixel Sensor from e2v technologies selected for the JANUS camera. It is fabricated using 0.18 µm CMOS imaging sensor process, with an imaging area of 2000 x 1504 pixels, each 7 µm square. A 4T pixel architecture allows for efficient correlated double sampling, improving the readout noise to better than 8 electrons rms, whilst the sensor is operated in a rolling shutter mode, sampling at up to 10 Mpixel/s at each of the four parallel outputs.A primary parameter to characterise for an imaging device is the relationship that converts the sensor's voltage output back to the corresponding number of electrons that were detected in a pixel, known as the Charge to Voltage Factor (CVF). In modern CMOS sensors with small feature sizes, the CVF is known to be non-linear with signal level, therefore a signal-dependent measurement of the CIS115's CVF has been undertaken and is presented here. The CVF is well modelled as a quadratic function leading to a measurement of the maximum charge handling capacity of the CIS115 to be 3.4 x 10 4 electrons. If the CIS115's response is assumed linear, its CVF is 21.1 electrons per mV (1 / 47.5 µV per electron).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Janus: An Optical Camera For Observing the Jovian Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Janus: An Optical Camera For Observing the Jovian Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Non-linear responsivity characterisation of a CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for high resolution imaging of the Jovian system

Soman

Stefanov²,

Weatherill³

et al. 2015

J. Inst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Figure 1 shows the QE of a modern BSI CIS (e.g. e2v Technologies CIS115) 3 and the expected improvements resulting from using thick, fully depleted substrate. For good sensitivity in the red and near-IR, sensors with thicknesses of at least 50 µm are required (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully depleted and backside biased monolithic CMOS image sensor

2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We are presenting a novel concept for a fully depleted, monolithic, pinned photodiode CMOS image sensor using reverse substrate bias. The principle of operation allows the manufacture of backside illuminated CMOS sensors with active thickness in excess of 100 µm. This helps increase the QE at near-IR and soft X-ray wavelengths, while preserving the excellent characteristics associated with the pinned photodiode sensitive elements. Such sensors are relevant to a wide range of applications, including scientific imaging, astronomy, Earth observation and surveillance.A prototype device with 10 µm and 5.4 µm pixels using this concept has been designed and is being manufactured on a 0.18 µm CMOS image sensor process. Only one additional implantation step has been introduced to the normal manufacturing flow to make this device. The paper discusses the design of the sensor and the challenges that had to be overcome to realise it in practice, and in particular the method of achieving full depletion without parasitic substrate currents. It is expected that this new technology can be competitive with modern backside illuminated thick CCDs for use at visible to near-IR telescopes and synchrotron light sources.

show abstract

“…The readout architecture and a Beginning Of Life (BOL) electro-optic performance study of a front-faced sensor has been reported previously [4], including readout noise and iron-55 calibration. A back-thinned CIS115 with e2v's multi-layer astronomy anti-reflection coating has been specified for the flight sensor in JANUS' focal plane to improve quantum efficiency in the range of 400 nm to 900 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton irradiation of the CIS115 for the JUICE mission

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The CIS115 is one of the latest CMOS Imaging Sensors designed by e2v technologies, with 1504x2000 pixels on a 7 µm pitch. Each pixel in the array is a pinned photodiode with a 4T architecture, achieving an average dark current of 22 electrons pixel -1 s -1 at 21°C measured in a front-faced device. The sensor aims for high optical sensitivity by utilising e2v's back-thinning and processing capabilities, providing a sensitive silicon thickness approximately 9 µm to 12 µm thick with a tuned anti-reflective coating.The sensor operates in a rolling shutter mode incorporating reset level subtraction resulting in a mean pixel readout noise of 4.25 electrons rms. The full well has been measured to be 34000 electrons in a previous study, resulting in a dynamic range of up to 8000. These performance characteristics have led to the CIS115 being chosen for JANUS, the highresolution and wide-angle optical camera on the JUpiter ICy moon Explorer (JUICE).The three year science phase of JUICE is in the harsh radiation environment of the Jovian magnetosphere, primarily studying Jupiter and its icy moons. Analysis of the expected radiation environment and shielding levels from the spacecraft and instrument design predict the End Of Life (EOL) displacement and ionising damage for the CIS115 to be equivalent to 10 10 10 MeV protons cm -2 and 100 krad(Si) respectively. Dark current and image lag characterisation results following initial proton irradiations are presented, detailing the initial phase of space qualification of the CIS115. Results are compared to the pre-irradiation performance and the instrument specifications and further qualification plans are outlined.

show abstract

Design and characterisation of the new CIS115 sensor for JANUS, the high resolution camera on JUICE

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Non-linear responsivity characterisation of a CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for high resolution imaging of the Jovian system

Non-linear responsivity characterisation of a CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for high resolution imaging of the Jovian system

Fully depleted and backside biased monolithic CMOS image sensor

Proton irradiation of the CIS115 for the JUICE mission

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About