Design and Assessment of a Depth-Fused Multi-Focal-Plane Display Prototype

Systematic characterization and optimization of 3D light field displays

“…For instance, with the given view density of 0.57mm −2 and a minimum MTF threshold of 0.1, the cut-off frequencies for the reconstructed scene are approximately 34, 33, 30, and 24 cycles/degree for the depth displacement of 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 diopters from the CDP, respectively. Figure 3(c) shows the simulation of the perceived retinal images by convolving a series of Snellen 'E's of three different angular resolutions (10,20 and 30 cycles/degree) with the accumulated PSF corresponding to of the MTF curves as in Fig. 3(b).…”

“…The conventional S3D displays fail to render correct retinal blur effects and stimulate natural eye accommodation response, which causes several cue conflicts and is considered as one of the key contributing factors to various visual artifacts associated with viewing S3D displays, such as distorted depth perception [3] and visual discomfort [4]. In recent years, several display methods that are potentially capable of resolving the VAC problem have been demonstrated, including holographic displays [5], volumetric displays [6,7], multi-focal plane displays [8][9][10] and light field displays [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Among these different methods, the light field display method is considered as one of the most promising 3D display techniques.…”

High-performance integral-imaging-based light field augmented reality display using freeform optics

“…By driving the display in a dualdepth mode, the system achieves high-resolution displays of targets with a large depth separation of nearly 3 diopters while rendering focus cues comparable to their real counterparts. The vari-depth and multi-depth modes of the InI-based light field rendering method share some similarity to the conventional vari-focal [24] and multi-focal plane HMD works [6][7][8][9] in the sense that the depth of the CDP is either adaptively varied according to the depth of interest in the vari-depth mode or is rapidly switched among several discrete depths in the multi-depth mode. However, their visual effects and implications on focus cues are noticeably different.…”

“…These displays thus force an unnatural decoupling of the accommodation and convergence cues and induce a fundamental problem sometimes referred to as vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC), which might lead to various visual artifacts such as distorted depth perception and visual fatigue [1,2]. In recent years, several display methods that are potentially capable of resolving the VAC problem have been demonstrated, including holographic displays [3], volumetric displays [4,5], multi-focal plane displays [6][7][8][9], and light field displays [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Among these methods, integral-imagingbased (InI-based) light field display allows the reconstruction of the full parallax of a 3D scene seen from a predesigned viewing window and have been conventionally demonstrated for its use in direct-view 3D display systems [10,11].…”

Augmented reality using holographic display

“…In the using of the electrically tunable focal lens, the LC lens is used to electrically adjust the position of the projected virtual image synchronized with the information displayed [6]. The perceived depth of the depth-fused display varies according to two 2D displays at di erent depth by displaying di erent luminance [7,8]. Light eld display and holographic display can provide the real 3D image to the user [9].…”