Design and Application of Cisplatin-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticle Clusters for Smart Chemotherapy

Abstract

One of the major challenges of drug delivery is the development of suitable carriers for therapeutic molecules. In this work, a novel nanoformulation based on superparamagnetic nanoclusters [magnetic nanocrystal clusters (MNCs)] is presented. In order to control the size of the nanoclusters and the density of magnetic cores, several parameters were evaluated and tuned. Then, MNCs were functionalized with a polydopamine layer (MNC@PDO) to improve their stability in aqueous solution, to increase density of functional groups and to obtain a nanosystem suitable for drug-controlled release. Finally, cisplatin was grafted on the surface of MNC@PDO to exploit the system as a magnetic field-guided anticancer delivery system. The biocompatibility of MNC@PDO and the cytotoxic effects of MNC@PDO− cisplatin complex were determined against human cervical cancer (HeLa) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that the MNC@PDO−cisplatin complexes inhibited the cellular proliferation by a dosedependent effect. Therefore, by applying an external magnetic field, the released drug exerted its effect on a specific target area. In summary, the MNC@PDO nanosystem has a great potential to be used in targeted nanomedicine for the delivery of other drugs or biofunctional molecules.

Enhanced Efficacy of PEGylated Liposomal Cisplatin: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

“…Nanoparticles are able to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs [7], owing to their ability to increase the drug concentration in tumor cells through enhancing the drug circulation time. Also, nanoparticles have the capability of delivering drugs to their target sites in an in vivo environment, and thereby they can inhibit the drugs' side effects on normal cells [6,45,46].…”

“…Tumor volume = Length × Width 2 × 0.5 (5) TGII was also determined using the formula below: TGII = Mean tumor weight in control group − Mean tumor weight in other groups Mean tumor weight in control group × 100% (6) The rats' weight changes were also determined to evaluate the toxicity of the formulations. In addition, toxicity was evaluated by measuring the serum concentrations of BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, and ALP using the related measurement kits (Pars Azmoon Company, Tehran, Iran) and according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

“…It functions by forming a Cispt-DNA adduct and causing the induction of cell death through apoptosis [5]. In spite of therapeutic effects, Cispt has various severe side effects that restrict its clinical use, such as nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity [6]. Nanomedicine and nanodelivery systems are relatively new scientific fields related to materials in the nanoscale range that are used as diagnostic devices or to deliver therapeutic agents to target sites in a controlled mode.…”

Current Advances in the Utilization of Polydopamine Nanostructures in Biomedical Therapy

“…HeLa cells, MCF-7 cells, human breast adenocarcinoma [97] rGO-MSN@PDA Enhanced biocompatibility of GO-based drug delivery; synergistic effects of chemo-thermo drug-triggered release in cancer treatment DOX MHCC97L and MHCC97H hepatoma cells [98] rGO-PDA Synergistic effects of chemo-thermo drug-triggered release Cytarabine hydrochloride; hydroxycamptothecin HeLa cells; tumor-bearing mice [99] Enhanced biocompatibility, stability, dispersity, and photothermal property of PDA composites; improved cell affinity toward target cell; dual modes of the triggered release of DOX via pH and NIR irradiation Double-stranded DNA-sgc8; DOX Lymphoblastic leukemia T-cells; lymphoblastic leukemia B-cells [100] MSNs-CPT@A-F(@PDA@GO@EGFRab) (epidermal growth factor receptor antibody) Sustained controlled release of small drug molecules; dual modes of the triggered release of cisplatin via pH, NIR irradiation; improved cell specificity and cellular uptake via the conjugation of the EGFR antibody Cisplatin SH-SY5Y human epithelial neuroblastoma cells [101] PDA-rGO@MS (mesoporous silica) (DOX)-HA Improved internalization of cancer cells due to the presence of HA; synergistic effects of chemo-thermo drug-triggered release in cancer treatment DOX HeLa cells; HeLa cells-bearing BALB/c-nude mice [102] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.biotechnology-journal.com marrow cells originating from mesenchymal stromal cells ( Figure 4A) and this phenomenon was attributed to the upregulation of osteogenic-related gene expression including ALP, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN) ( Figure 4B). It was claimed that the effect of PDA film speeded up the bone-formation process and improved osseointegration activity.…”

Recent Advances in the Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Platinum Nanoclusters

“…Cisplatin in the Pt(II) state as a representative drug emerged a few deficiencies which influences the therapeutic efficiency. For instance, it could have side effect like myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity in the course of medicine treatment [193][194][195]. On the other hand, typical breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers exhibit less sensitive to cisplatin [196,197].…”