Design and Analysis of Multiband Fractal Reconfigurable Antenna Using Pin Diodes for Smart Wireless Communications

Abstract

Fractal and reconfigurable antennas are the need of modern wireless communication systems that operate under dynamic scenarios catering to the diversified needs of modern wireless applications. In this dissemination, a novel multiband Fractal Reconfigurable Antenna (FRA) is presented and discussed using two RF PIN diodes as switching elements for electronic reconfiguration. It is analyzed using equivalent circuit concept and investigated in terms of various antenna performance parameters. The proposed FRA can operate in various frequency bands resonating at four different frequencies with switchable bandwidth and gain. The highest gain is observed to be about 8.37 dB at 9.68 GHz while the highest bandwidth is about 540 MHz in the X-band. The simulation and measurement results obtained are found in agreement. The multiband characteristics of the proposed FRA make it useful for smart wireless communication applications in the S (2-4 GHz), C (4-8 GHz), and X (8-12 GHz) microwave bands.

On-Demand Reconfigurable Frequency MIMO antenna for WLAN/5G/WiMAX Communication

“…Mutual coupling is achieved from − 30dB to -55dB and it was represented in below gures. Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) is one of the MIMO Characteristics which was calculated by equation [3] and it was represented below gure at frequencies of 2.45 GHz, 3.5GHz & 5.8 GHz. Total Active Re ection Coe cient (TARC) is a measure of the power that is re ected back from an antenna due to impedance mismatch between the antenna and the transmission line.…”

“…. 𝐶 (𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠)= −𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝛽𝑅)…………… [3], 𝛽𝑅= [𝑅11 𝑅12 𝑅21 𝑅22]……. [3] Where 𝑅𝑖𝑖= 1−(Σ𝑁𝑗=1|𝑆𝑖𝑗|2) and 𝑅𝑖𝑗= −(𝑆 * 𝑖𝑖𝑆𝑖𝑗+𝑆 * 𝑗𝑖𝑆𝑖𝑗)…”

“…To achieve the 8 various operating frequencies, a CPW-fed triangular antenna is linked through two PIN diodes with two separate serpentine stubs, each of which has a different number of turns and length. In [3] authors described multiband recon gurable antenna which operates in different frequencies and by introducing fractal slots on radiating patch size of the antenna is reduced in order to less area coverage. In [4] by using a redesigned array with a consistent phase difference, a large fractional bandwidth may be attained with minimal variation.…”

Characterization and Performance Evaluation of PIN Diodes and Scope of Flexible Polymer Composites for Wearable Electronics

“…These compound semiconductors can also be released into thin membrane forms to achieve mechanical elasticity while maintaining their electronic properties. International Journal of Polymer Science PIN diode can be fabricated using flexible single-crystal SiNM, which can be easily integrated on a low-cost plastic substrate for high performance [16][17]. The fabrication process of the flexible PIN diodes on a plastic substrate by using the SiNM transfer technique is entirely well matched with that used to fabricate flexible thin film transistors.…”

“…Hence, semiconductor properties like high electron mobility (GaAs, InGaAs, InAs, GaN), wide bandgap (GaN), and high breakdown electric field (GaN) are maintained along with additional mechanical flexibility [9][10][11][12]. Many printing technologies have been already advanced like roll-to-roll, inkjet, screen-printing, vacuum-based deposition, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-assisted transfer printing techniques, which can transfer semiconductor properties on a plastic polymer substrate [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”