Design and analysis of hardware Trojans in approximate circuits

Dou, Yuqin; Wang, Chenghua; Gu, Chongyan; O’Neill, Máire; Liu, Weiqiang

doi:10.1049/ell2.12405

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The average and standard deviation were obtained from three repetitions. More information can be obtained from a previous study 24,25 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐performance wood‐reinforced crosslinked high‐density polyethylene composites

Ahmad,

Rodrigue

2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the manufacturing of high‐performance wood‐crosslinked high‐density polyethylene composites (WxHDPEC). In particular, the effect of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) treatment and concentration (0–50 wt%) of maple wood fibers is investigated. The samples were produced via dry‐blending followed by compression molding and a set of characterization was performed including chemical, morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physical properties. The gel content was found to increase with increasing wood fiber content, while the surface modification significantly improved the tensile strength (11%), tensile modulus (298%), flexural strength (138%), and flexural modulus (81%). Thermal analyses also showed improved thermal stability and higher thermal resistance for the treated composites. Finally, the Shore D hardness increased by 11.0 (from 61.5 to 72.5) and 12.1 (from 61.5 to 73.6) points, while the Shore A hardness increased by 7.5 (from 91.5 to 99.0) and 8.1 (from 91.5 to 99.6) points for the untreated and treated composites, respectively. These improvements are attributed to effective adhesion between MAPE‐treated wood fibers and the xHDPE matrix. The findings not only advance our understanding of these complex materials but also provide alternatives for various applications from construction to automotive engineering.Highlights High‐performance wood‐reinforced crosslinked high‐density polyethylene was produced. The effect of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) treatment and maple wood fibers was studied. Higher crosslink density in MAPE‐treated wood‐xHDPE was obtained. Wood‐crosslinked high‐density polyethylene composites have better properties.

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“…The average and standard deviation were obtained from three repetitions. More information can be obtained from a previous study 24,25 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More information can be obtained from a previous study. 24,25 The thermal resistance (R th ) was calculated as:…”

Section: Thermal Conductivity and Resistivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐performance wood‐reinforced crosslinked high‐density polyethylene composites

Ahmad,

Rodrigue

2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The error quality or approximation degree of the approximate circuit is measured by a series of error indicators, such as error Magnitude (EM), worst case error (WCE), mean absolute error (MAE), etc. These metrics have corresponding explanations in [9], and users usually choose approximate circuits based on these error metrics.…”

Section: A Approximate Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximate computing has been successfully applied to various hardware circuits, such as approximate FFT [5], approximate neural networks [6] [7], etc. Recently, the security vulnerabilities of approximate circuits have been investigated [8] [9]. [8] points out that errors and hardware Trojans are difficult to distinguish, which opens new opportunities for attackers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method Against Hardware Trojans in Approximate Circuits

Dou

Wang

et al. 2023

2023 24th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)

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Approximate computing is a promising computing paradigm that trades off power consumption and performance for error-tolerant applications. Approximate computing has been widely studied, such as for arithmetic circuits and accelerators. However, recent research has shown security vulnerabilities in approximate circuits. Hardware Trojans are one of the major threats to hardware circuits and have not been fully studied for approximate computing. Majority voting (MV) based on vendor diversities has been proposed as an effective technique to mask and/or detect hardware Trojans when assembling trusted chips with untrustworthy components. However, the randomness and diversity of inherent errors in approximate circuits can invalidate the MV technique. In this paper, for the first time, the authors present the challenges to approximate circuits when multiple vendors are considered to provide IPs for approximate circuits (IPac). Experiments demonstrate that the MV strategy is not applicable when trusted chips are assembled with IPacs. A comparison-based technique is proposed to thwart hardware Trojan attacks on approximate circuits. The experimental results show a high effectiveness of the proposed method to detect hardware Trojans in approximate circuits.

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An Optimization Technique for PMF Estimation in Approximate Circuits

Dou

Wang

2023

J. Comput. Sci. Technol.

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Design and analysis of hardware Trojans in approximate circuits

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

High‐performance wood‐reinforced crosslinked high‐density polyethylene composites

High‐performance wood‐reinforced crosslinked high‐density polyethylene composites

A Novel Method Against Hardware Trojans in Approximate Circuits

An Optimization Technique for PMF Estimation in Approximate Circuits

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