Design and analysis of an efficient photovoltaic energy-powered electric vehicle charging station using perturb and observe MPPT algorithm

Abstract

According to the current directive, we must rely on green energy for sustainable mobility. One of the green transition’s goals is to use renewable energy to charge electric vehicles (EVs). Solar energy is a form of renewable energy sources, and it is classified as being clean, available, and renewable because it is based on sunshine. Nowadays, the world is turning to EVs which have lower running costs and cleaner environments. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly utilized to store energy in EVs. This article covers the design and analysis of a photovoltaic (PV) system to charge five models of EVs such as BMW i3 2019, Volkswagen e-Golf, Fiat 500e, Mercedes EQA 250, and Hyundai Kona Electric in a DC fast charging mode by using a buck converter to minimize the output voltage and without any addition of energy storage. By applying Perturb & Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), the maximum power and efficiency from PVs are obtained. The charging time is calculated for each EV of the five models in the State of Charge (SOC) area at 20–80 percent. A MATLAB program is employed to simulate the EV models by calculating the efficiency of the MPPT controller, time of charging, and characteristic of voltage and current levels for each model of these EVs. All models are tested under the condition of irradiance level from 600 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 and temperature between 20°C and 30°C. The results showed that the PV system is effective and economical as a stand-alone to charge EVs in a rapid charge mode.

Robust Speed Controller for PMSG Wind System Based on Harris Hawks Optimization via Wind Speed Estimation: A Real Case Study

“…Due to its simplicity, ability to tackle system nonlinearity, and lack of information regarding mathematical modeling, FLC approaches are now more frequently used in a variety of applications [61]. Weird tracking behavior is caused by the nonlinearity of WE systems and climatic conditions.…”

Fast frequency response technology of photovoltaic power plant based on equivalent modelling

“…The AGC system receives the frequency and power signals of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station, determines and calculates as required, and sends the power adjustment command to the photovoltaic inverter through the communication unit [15][16][17][18].…”

“…The AGC system receives the frequency and power signals of the grid‐connected point of the photovoltaic power station, determines and calculates as required, and sends the power adjustment command to the photovoltaic inverter through the communication unit [15–18]. Key technical points: The frequency measurement accuracy and frequency sampling period of the existing photovoltaic power station measurement and control devices are mostly unable to meet the fast frequency response requirements.…”

Optimal Design of Photovoltaic/Wind Turbine Systems for Producing Hydrogen Using a PEM Electrolyzer and MPPT Controller

“…Although it is not the main energy source like oil, coal, or gas, it may be utilized as a transporter for energy. With most renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage is necessary 1 . Hydrogen can be made from sustainable energy sources, calling it green hydrogen.…”

“…Hydrogen can be made from sustainable energy sources, calling it green hydrogen. Green hydrogen has a considerably larger potential than fossil fuels because it is related to solar and wind energy, which greatly exceeds global energy consumption today and, in the future, 1 Solar energy is a new form of energy that is created by relying on sunshine, whereas wind energy is a renewable resource that is dependent on wind speed to operate. Solar energy or wind technology powers an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen.…”