Design Analysis in Rock Mechanics

Pariseau, William G.

doi:10.1201/9780203968253

Cited by 63 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…Values Y = (10-100) × 10 9 N m −2 are typical for rock (Pariseau 2006), while the thermal expansivities of common rocks are within a factor of a few of α = 10 −5 K −1 (Lauriello 1974;Richter & Simmons 1974), which we take as our best-guess estimate of the expansivity of Phaethon. Substituting δT = 500 K (from the previous section) in Equation (2) we obtain thermal stress S = (5-50) × 10 7 N m −2 (500-5000 bars) corresponding to the temperature changes experienced on Phaethon as it moves around its orbit.…”

Section: Dust Production: Thermal Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

Activity in Geminid Parent (3200) Phaethon

Jewitt

2010

The Astronomical Journal

183

246

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The asteroid (3200) Phaethon is widely recognized as the parent of the Geminid meteoroid stream. However, it has never shown evidence for ongoing mass loss or for any form of comet-like activity that would indicate the continued replenishment of the stream. Following an alert by Battams & Watson, we used NASA's STEREO-A spacecraft to image Phaethon near perihelion, in the period UT 2009 June 17-22, when the heliocentric distance was near 0.14 AU. The resulting photometry shows an unexpected brightening, by a factor of two, starting UT 2009 June 20.2 ± 0.2, which we interpret as an impulsive release of dust particles from Phaethon. If the density is near 2500 kg m −3 , then the emitted dust particles must have a combined mass of ∼2.5 × 10 8 a 1 kg, where a 1 is the particle radius in millimeters. Assuming a 1 = 1, this is approximately 10 −4 of the Geminid stream mass and to replenish the stream in steady state within its estimated ∼10 3 yr lifetime would require ∼10 events like the one observed, per orbit. Alternatively, ongoing mass loss may be unrelated to the event which produced the Phaethon-Geminid complex. An impact origin of the dust is highly unlikely. Phaethon is too hot for water ice to survive, rendering the possibility that dust is ejected through gas drag from sublimated ice unlikely. Instead, we suggest that Phaethon is essentially a rock comet, in which the small perihelion distance leads both to the production of dust (through thermal fracture and decomposition cracking of hydrated minerals) and to its ejection into interplanetary space (through radiation pressure sweeping and other effects).

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Section: Dust Production: Thermal Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

Activity in Geminid Parent (3200) Phaethon

Jewitt

2010

The Astronomical Journal

183

246

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“…4 and Eq. (3) is for a thrust-fault earthquake specifically; that is, at the initial state at t 0 , the vertical stress is larger than the horizontal stress because the rock's lateral earth coefficient is smaller than 1.0 (Pariseau, 2007). However, near the failure state, the vertical stress will be smaller than the horizontal stress because of the increasing external force in the horizontal direction from tectonic compression.…”

Section: The Basics and Algorithms Of The New Non-stationary Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4) can be expressed as a function of the minor principal stress σ 3 , and two strength parameters of the shearing plane, i.e., cohesion c and friction angle ϕ (Pariseau, 2007):…”

Section: The Basics and Algorithms Of The New Non-stationary Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A non-stationary earthquake probability assessment with the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion

Wang

2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. From theory to experience, earthquake probability associated with an active fault should be gradually increasing with time since the last event. In this paper, a new nonstationary earthquake assessment motivated/derived from the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is introduced. Different from other non-stationary earthquake analyses, the new model can more clearly define and calculate the stress states between two characteristic earthquakes. In addition to the model development and the algorithms, this paper also presents an example calculation to help explain and validate the new model. On the condition of best-estimate model parameters, the example calculation shows a 7.6 % probability for the Meishan fault in central Taiwan to induce a major earthquake in years 2015-2025, and if the earthquake does not occur by 2025, the earthquake probability will increase to 8 % in 2025-2035, which validates the new model that can calculate non-stationary earthquake probability as it should vary with time.

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“…Shear strain g can be explained as a change in the position of one surface of a solid, right rectangular prism relative to a parallel surface Dl caused by shear stress t applied to the first surface, without an accompanying volume change, divided by the thickness of the prism h o (Pariseau 2012).…”

Section: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain

Keaton¹

2017

Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer

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DefinitionStrain is the response in a rock or soil mass produced by applied load or stress. Strain is a tensor quantity, as is stress (Eberhardt 2009). Stress acting on a rock or soil mass can cause the mass to experience a change in volume, a change in shape, or a change in both volume and shape. The change in length Dl of a solid, right, circular bar can be normalized to its initial length l o to produce axial or linear strain e (Holmes 2016).Similarly, a change in volume DV divided by the initial volume V o is volumetric strain e V .Shear strain g can be explained as a change in the position of one surface of a solid, right rectangular prism relative to a parallel surface Dl caused by shear stress t applied to the first surface, without an accompanying volume change, divided by the thickness of the prism h o (Pariseau 2012).

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Design Analysis in Rock Mechanics

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Activity in Geminid Parent (3200) Phaethon

Activity in Geminid Parent (3200) Phaethon

A non-stationary earthquake probability assessment with the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion

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