Desenvolvimento de cultivares de antúrio IAC como plantas de vaso no norte do Paraná

Abstract

LÚCIA SADAYO ASSARI TAKAHASHI ( 2* ); RICARDO TADEU FARIA ( 2 ); ANTONIO FERNANDO CAETANO TOMBOLATO ( 3 ); FRANCINE LORENA CUQUEL ( 4 ); MAURÍCIO LUIZ GROSSI ( 5 ) RESUMOO gênero Anthurium Schott. (Araceae) compreende mais de 600 espécies. Todas são ornamentais e se destacam pela beleza da folhagem. A espécie Anthurium andraeanum Lind. tem a preferência dos consumidores como planta ornamental devido ao tamanho e colorido de suas espatas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento, em vaso, de cinco cultivares de A. andraeanum em Londrina, Norte do Paraná. As cultivares 'Parakanã', 'Terena', 'Apalai', 'Ianomami' e 'Rubi' foram produzidas por meio de micropropagação e selecionadas pelo Instituto Agronômico (IAC). O trabalho foi desenvolvido em estufa tipo arco com 80% de sombreamento obtido por tela de polipropileno de cor preta. Foi plantada uma muda por vaso plástico com volume de quatro litros usando como substrato fibra de coco tipo 80. A avaliação do desempenho comparativo foi iniciada, a partir do transplante das mudas. O comprimento do pecíolo, o número de folhas, a largura e o comprimento das espatas e o comprimento da haste floral foram avaliados mensalmente. Houve aumento na altura e no número de folhas das plantas nos três anos de cultivo. As cultivares 'Parakanã', 'Rubi', 'Terena' e 'Apalai' floresceram e tiveram maior desenvolvimento vegetativo sendo recomendadas para o cultivo em vasos no Norte do Paraná. Palavras-chave:Anthurium andraeanum, floricultura, melhoramento de plantas. ABSTRACT PERFORMANCE OF IAC ANTHURIUM'S CULTIVARS AS ORNAMENTAL VESSEL PLANT IN NORTHERN PARANÁThe genus Anthurium Schott. (Araceae) comprehends more than 600 species. All species are ornamental and are distinguished by the beauty of their foliage. The Anthurium andraeanum Lind. has the preference of the public as an ornamental plant because of the color and size of its spathes. The objective of this work was to evaluate of five cultivars of A. andraeanum, as vessel plant, in the northern region of Paraná State. The cultivars 'Parakanã', 'Terena', 'Apalai', 'Ianomami' and 'Rubi' produced by micropropagation by Instituto Agronômico (IAC) were analyzed. The study was conducted at greenhouse with 80% of shade given by a black colored polypropylene screen. One seedling per plastic vessel, with four liters of volume, was cultivated in a substratum containing type 80 coconut fiber. The evaluation of the comparative performance of the seedlings was initiated after transplanting. The following parameters were evaluated monthly: length of the petiole, number of leafs, width and length of spathes and length of the floral axis. The evaluations showed increases on the height of plants and in the number of leaves during the three years of cultivation. The cultivars 'Parakanã', 'Rubi', 'Terena' and 'Apalai' are showed more vegetative development and their cultivation can be recommended as vessel plant in the north of Paraná State.

Adaptation of anthurium cultivars as cut flowers in a subtropical area

“…In the other months the cultivars Kinã, nK 102 and Terena produced longer spadices (Table 2). These results agree with those obtained by Takahashi et al (2009) Statistically significant differences were found for spathe length (Table 3) in all assessments; the cultivars Kinã, nK 102 and Terena had the highest means, due to the length and width of the spadix. Takahashi et al (2009) observed the largest spathes and spadices in 'Terena', followed by 'Rubi', 'Apalai', and 'Parakanã'.…”

“…These results agree with those obtained by Takahashi et al (2009) Statistically significant differences were found for spathe length (Table 3) in all assessments; the cultivars Kinã, nK 102 and Terena had the highest means, due to the length and width of the spadix. Takahashi et al (2009) observed the largest spathes and spadices in 'Terena', followed by 'Rubi', 'Apalai', and 'Parakanã'. According to these authors, among the tested cultivars, Terena showed the best characteristics for pot cultivation due to its longer spathes and shorter floral stems.…”

“…In the eighteenth month, 'Ianomami' had approximately 25 leaves; 'Parakanã ',20;'Apalai' and 'Terena',15;'Kinã' and 'Rubi',11;and 'nK 102',nine leaves (Figure 3). Thirty-six months after the plantation in pots, Takahashi et al (2009) observed that 'Parakanã' had the same number of leaves as in this experiment; all the other cultivars had a significantly higher number of leaves. This could be a consequence of the plant development phase when planted, as well as the longer time of the potted plant experiment.…”

“…The first cultivar to produce spathes was Rubi, in August 2006 (three months after transplantation); the others produced spathes in September 2006, except for Ianomami, which did not flower during the experiment (Figure 2). Takahashi et al (2009), in a three-year period experiment with potted plants of the same cultivars, in the same region, found that 'Ianomami' did not produce inflorescences during this period. (Figure 1), as well as to low light intensity and shorter days.…”

Anthurium affine schott (araceae): análise anatômica e histoquímica para identificação de estruturas secretoras

“…A família Araceae faz parte das monocotiledôneas herbáceas, que inclui 118 gêneros e cerca de 3.437 espécies, no Brasil existem 691 espécies catalogadas até o ano de 2015 (COELHO et al, 2015), com hábitos terrícolas, rupícola, epífita, hemiepífita e hemiparasita (COELHO et al, 2015;MAYO et al, 1997). Apresenta ampla distribuição, no entanto, têm maior ocorrência em região dos trópicos úmidos, pois não suporta condições extremas, ocorrendo de forma mais numerosa nas Américas, no Sudeste Asiático, na África, no Arquipélago Malaio, na Eurásia e nas Ilhas Seychelles (MAYO et al, 1997;TAKAHASHI et al, 2009). As espécies da família apresentam amplo potencial econômico, sendo exploradas como ornamentais e alimentícias (MAYO et al, 1997).…”