Desempenho agronômico de cultivares de café resistentes à ferrugem no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

ResumoObjetivou-se no trabalho avaliar o comportamento de 24 cultivares de cafeeiro, sendo 22 resistentes à ferrugem e duas testemunhas suscetíveis, em diferentes ambientes de Minas Gerais, a fim de contribuir para a recomendação técnica. Os experimentos foram instalados em quatro municípios (Lavras, Campos Altos, Patrocínio e Turmalina). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições, no espaçamento de 3,5x0,7 m e parcelas de dez plantas. As avaliações de produtividade, porcentagem de grãos classificados em peneira 16 acima e vigor vegetativo referem-se a quatro colheitas (2008 a 2012 Agronomic performance of coffee cultivars resistant to coffee rust in Minas Gerais State, Brazil AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of 24 coffee cultivars (22 rust resistant cultivars and 2 susceptible control varieties) in different environments of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The coffee plants were planted in four locations (Lavras, Campos Altos, Patrocínio and Turmalina) in three agroclimatic regions. The experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design, with three replications in plots measuring 3.5x0.7 m, with 10 plants per plot. The following traits were analyzed: yield, percentage of grains retained in sieve size 16 and vegetative vigor from four cropping years (2008 to 2012) and the adaptability and stability in yield. The cultivars showed differential performance in the four environments. The cultivars Sabiá Tardio, Pau Brasil MG1, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Catucaí Amarelo 24/137 and IPR 103 were the most promising because they combined higher agronomic stability and adaptability in favorable and unfavorable environments.Key words: Coffea arabica, yield, adaptability, fenotype stability. INTRODUÇÃOA pesquisa agrícola tem colocado inúmeras tecnologias à disposição dos produtores, com a finalidade de aumentar a produtividade e a renda do cafeicultor. No caso do melhoramento genético, diversas cultivares resistentes à ferrugem-alaranjada (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br), principal doença da cultura, já foram liberadas para uso comercial. A resistência da planta minimiza o uso de produtos fitossanitários no manejo do cafeeiro, notadamente, fungicidas que, na maioria das vezes, são de alta toxicidade ao homem, animais domésticos e silvestres.Apesar do elevado potencial produtivo e de outras características morfoagronômicas de interesse para o cafeicultor, essas novas cultivares vêm sendo adotadas em ritmo lento pelos produtores. É provável que a razão desse comportamento seja a falta de informações sobre o comportamento agronômico de tais cultivares.No Brasil, as regiões cafeeiras são bem distintas em relação ao ambiente, fato que levará à resposta diferenciada (Cucolotto et al., 2007). Embora os melhoristas, em geral, interpretem essa interação como negativa, pois sugere uma barreira ao ganho de seleção, Vasconcelos et al. (2010) ressaltam que as interações

IPR 102 - Dwarf Arabica coffee cultivar with resistance to bacterial halo blight

“…'IPR 102' mostly stood out in Mandaguari, since at the spacing 2.5 x 0.5 m, IPR 103 did not differ from IAPAR 59 and Catuaí, while IPR 102 differed from these two cultivars. Moreover, in Mandaguari, at the spacing of 3 x 0.5 m, IPR 102 had higher yield than 'IPR 103', which is a cultivar with high yield in different cultivation environments of Brazil, in the states of Paraná (Sera et al 2013), Minas Gerais (Carvalho et al 2012), and Rio de Janeiro (Rodrigues et al 2014). In Londrina, IPR 102 did not differ from IPR 103, and in Itaguajé, IPR 103 had higher yield than IPR 102.…”

“…Sabiá 398 had higher yield than Catuaí Amarelo IAC 74 in the municipality of Varginha, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Paiva et al 2010). In a study carried out in four environments in the state of Minas Gerais, it was observed that Sabiá Tardio, Pau Brasil MG1, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Catucaí Amarelo 24/137 and IPR 103 stood out for having the greatest yield, with stability and adaptability, regardless of the environment (Carvalho et al 2012). …”

Coffee pruning: Importance of diversity among genotypes of Coffea arabica

“…For the species, C. arabica, the expression of several agronomic traits have been reported to be highly related to the expression of genetic diversity among cultivars (Carvalho et al, 2012;DaMatta, 2004;Del Grossi et al, 2013;Martinez et al, 2011;Martins et al, 2015;Rodrigues et al, 2014Rodrigues et al, , 2015Shigueoka et al, 2014). Additionally, the estimative of coefficient of genotypic determinations were higher than 90% for MRR, LFG and BER ( Table 1), showing that these traits are especially valuable in the genetic study of the recovery, since genetic factors seems to have major contribution in the determination of the phenotypic values of these traits.…”

Agronomic characterization and responses to coffeeleaf rust in coffee progenies resistant to the gall nematode Meloidogyne exigua

“…plantations in Brazil . Possessing high potential, vegetative vigor, and beverage quality, these cultivars have shown wide adaptability and phenotypic stability in different coffee regions of the country (ANDRADE et al., 2013;BOTELHO et al, 2010a). Nevertheless, they are also susceptible to coffee leaf rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix Berk.…”

“…Genetic resistance is considered to be one of the most efficient, environmentally safe, and economically viable measures in the management of those pathogens (ALPIZAR et al, 2007;BOISSEAU et al, 2009;CARVALHO et al, 2012). The Timor Hybrid (TH), most likely a natural cross between Coffea Arabica and C. canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner, is a source of genetic material for the development of new cultivars (RODRIGUES JÚNIOR et al, 2004).…”