Lipids, including the diterpenes cafestol and kahweol, are key compounds that contribute to the quality of coffee beverages. We determined total lipid content and cafestol and kahweol concentrations in green beans and genotyped 107 Coffea arabica accessions, including wild genotypes from the historical FAO collection from Ethiopia. A genome-wide association study was performed to identify genomic regions associated with lipid, cafestol and kahweol contents and cafestol/kahweol ratio. Using the diploid Coffea canephora genome as a reference, we identified 6,696 SNPs. Population structure analyses suggested the presence of two to three groups (K = 2 and K = 3) corresponding to the east and west sides of the Great Rift Valley and an additional group formed by wild accessions collected in western forests. We identified 5 SNPs associated with lipid content, 4 with cafestol, 3 with kahweol and 9 with cafestol/kahweol ratio. Most of these SNPs are located inside or near candidate genes related to metabolic pathways of these chemical compounds in coffee beans. In addition, three trait-associated SNPs showed evidence of directional selection among cultivated and wild coffee accessions. Our results also confirm a great allelic richness in wild accessions from Ethiopia, especially in accessions originating from forests in the west side of the Great Rift Valley.

Resistance to bacterial blight in arabica coffee cultivars

RESUMOO objetivo desta investigação foi estudar progênies de Coffea arabica quanto a resistência à ferrugem alaranjada, causada por Hemileia vastatrix, e à mancha aureolada, causada por Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae. O experimento foi instalado no Centro de Produção e Experimentação de Londrina, do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, 13 tratamentos (11 progênies e as testemunhas 'IAPAR 59' e 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81'). Os resultados sugerem investigar a possibilidade da ocorrência de novo(s) patotipo(s) de P. syringae pv. garcae no Paraná. Observou-se na cultivar 'IAPAR 59' resistência suficiente para reduzir danos provocados por P. syringae pv. garcae, causador da mancha aureolada, em regiões de alta ocorrência do patógeno no Paraná. Na progênie "Catuaí" x "Icatú" PRFB 2-27-1/F5 (IAPAR 96095) verificou-se resistência simultânea à ferrugem alaranjada e à mancha aureolada e deverá ser testada em ensaios regionais.Palavras-chave: melhoramento de café, resistência à doenças, cultivar, cafeicultura. ABSTRACT SELECTION OF PROGENIES OF COFFEA ARABICA WITH SIMULTANEOUS RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL BLIGHT AND LEAF RUSTThis research aimed at to study C. arabica progenies as to resistances to bacterial blight "mancha aureolada", caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae, and coffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix. The experiment was carried out in the Centro de Produção e Experimentação de Londrina, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná. It was set in a randomized complete block design with 13 treatments (11 progenies and the controls 'IAPAR 59' and 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81') and three replications. The results suggest the ocurrence of new(s) pathotype(s) of P. syringae pv. garcae in Paraná State. The IAPAR 59 cultivar is an option to minimize the damage caused by P. syringae pv. garcae in areas of high incidence of this pathogen. The progeny PRFB 2-27-1/F5 (IAPAR 96095) from "Catuaí" x "Icatú" cross presented simultaneous resistance to leaf rust and to bacterial blight ("mancha aureolada"). It will be tested in future regional trials.

Porta-enxertos de café robusta resistentes aos nematóides Meloidogyne paranaensis e M. incognita raças 1 e 2Recebido para publicação 15/06/05 Aprovado em 27/11/05 Porta-enxertos de café robusta resistentes aos nematóidesMeloidogyne paranaensis e M. incognita raças 1 e 2 ResumoNo Estado do Paraná, os nematóides mais danosos para o café são Meloidogyne paranaensis e M. incognita raças 1 e 2. A enxertia de cultivares suscetíveis de Coffea arabica sobre C. canephora resistentes tem sido bem sucedida, especialmente com o porta-enxerto Apoatã IAC-2258, porém existe segregação para a resistência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar cafeeiros de C. canephora var. robusta com resistência simultânea aos nematóides M. paranaensis e M. incognita raças 1 e 2. Avaliaramse 24 genótipos de C. canephora na metodologia de Taylor, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com três repetições e parcelas de 30 plantas. Como testemunha suscetível utilizou-se a cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 376-4. As variáveis avaliadas foram incidência dos nematóides e volume radicular. Os níveis de resistência encontrados entre as plantas foram resistente, moderadamente resistente e suscetível. Foram identificados seis genótipos do porta-enxerto C. canephora var. robusta com resistência, provavelmente em homozigoze, para os nematóides M. paranaensis, M. incognita raça 1 e M. incognita raça 2, todos com bom volume radicular. As plantas mães desses seis melhores genótipos serão propagadas vegetativamente e usadas para formar campo de sementes de cultivares porta-enxertos. Palavras-chave: Coffea canephora, cultura do café, Kouillou, melhoramento, nematóide das galhas AbstractThe Meloidogyne paranaensis and M. incognita races 1 and 2 are the most pathogenic root knot nematodes of coffee crop in Paraná state, Brazil. The use of susceptible arabica cultivars on resistant rootstock robusta cultivars, especially cultivar Apoatã IAC-2258 of Coffea canephora var. robusta, has been successful, but there are segregations to susceptible ones. The aim of this research was to identify C. canephora var. robusta coffee trees with simultaneous resistance to M. paranaensis, M. incognita races 1 and 2. Twenty-four C. canephora genotypes were evaluated using Taylor´s evaluation method, conducted in randomized blocks design with three replications and 30 plants per plot. The cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 376-4 was used as susceptible standard. The variables evaluated were nematodes incidence and root volume. The resistance levels founded among plants were resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible. Six genotypes of C. canephora var. robusta with simultaneous resistance, probably in homozygous, to M. paranaensis, M. incognita race 1 and M. incognita race 2 were found, all with good root volume. The mother plants of these six better treatments will be vegetatively propagated and used to begin seed production of rootstock cultivars.

ABSTRACT

of P. syringae. Through biochemical, serological and pathogenicity tests, the pathogens were identified as P. syringae pv. garcae and P. syringae pv. tabaci, with prevalence of isolates belonging to pathovar tabaci and, as well as in certain samples, it was identified simultaneous infection by both etiological agents. Then, this is the first report of associated occurrence of garcae and tabaci pathovars of P. syringae and of the incidence of "bacterial-leaf-spot" under field conditions and in the State of Paraná.KEy wORdS: Coffea arabica L., bacterial-halo-blight, bacterial-leaf-spot.

'IPR 100' was derived from a crossing between "Catuaí" and a hybrid . 'IPR 100' is a medium size dwarf cultivar with high rusticity, with late ripening cycle, and with resistance to Meloidogyne paranaensis and to some M. incognita populations.

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