Description of the Zn/Br RFB System

Rajarathnam, Gobinath Pillai; Vassallo, Anthony M.

doi:10.1007/978-981-287-646-1_2

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…With an aim to understand the bromine diffusion mechanism, Rajarathnam and Vassallo proposed two plausible mechanistic processes by which bromine can effectively diffuse through the separator. (i) The complete wetting of the separator by bromine complexes provides an efficient pathway for the diffusion of elemental bromine, and (ii) an equilibrium exists between the aqueous phase bromine diffusion through the separator and in the bulk electrolyte . In the zinc bromine RFB, the separator should possess a high preferential bi-ionic transport of Zn 2+ and Br – by restricting elemental bromine or complexed bromine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds Entrapped in a Gel Matrix for Realizing the Improved Cycle Life of Zinc Bromine Redox Flow Batteries

Naresh

Ragupathy

Ulaganathan

2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Herein, we have successfully demonstrated a nanofiller (such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)) dispersed in a polymer matrix (such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN)) as an effective pore filling agent to a microporous Daramic membrane for inhibiting bromine diffusion in zinc bromine redox flow batteries. A simple protocol of the MWCNT/ PAN-Daramic membrane renders a major benefit for inhibiting bromine diffusion relative to the conventional microporous membrane. As a result, the MWCNT/PAN composite Daramic membrane exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance in zinc bromine redox flow batteries at various current densities. More impressively, the MWCNT/PAN composite Daramic membrane shows a 90% Coulombic efficiency compared to the pristine Daramic membrane and the PAN composite Daramic membrane with only 68.53 and 71.20% efficiencies at 160 mA cm −2 , respectively. Moreover, the MWCNT/PAN composite Daramic membrane displays an extraordinary long cycling performance with a >97% Coulombic efficiency, whereas the Daramic membrane withstands only 200 cycles due to severe water transport from the catholyte to the anolyte. The zinc bromine redox flow battery assembled with the MWCNT/ PAN composite Daramic membrane significantly reduces the self-discharge rate and retains an open circuit voltage of 1.69 V for 13.40 h in comparison to the Daramic membrane (10.83 h) and the PAN composite membrane (11.13 h). Thus, the extraordinary flow cell performance and stability of the MWCNT/PAN composite Daramic membrane lead to the development of an alternative to the microporous Daramic membrane in zinc bromine redox flow batteries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds Entrapped in a Gel Matrix for Realizing the Improved Cycle Life of Zinc Bromine Redox Flow Batteries

Naresh

Ragupathy

Ulaganathan

2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Sun et al built a miniature VRFB prototype with a 3D-printed flow frame and complex internal flow channels (Rajarathnam et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2019;Adelusi et al, 2020). The Frontiers in Chemical Engineering frontiersin.org frame (Figure 2) was designed, and a numerical model was built using SolidWorks 3D modeling software and then fabricated with a professional-grade high-resolution stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer (Objet30 Pro).…”

Section: Practical Applications Of 3d Printing For Vanadium Rfbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the concept of Zn-Br RFB was initially proposed in 1977, the technology has steadily advanced to near-maturity for commercialization in the past five decades (Rajarathnam et al, 2016). The Zn-Br RFB anode is made of solid Zn metal, while the cathode Br 2 is in a liquid state at room temperature.…”

Section: D Printing For Zinc-bromine Redox Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing flow batteries using advanced 3D printing technology—A review

2023

Front. Chem. Eng.

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In the past decade, electrochemical energy storage systems such as rechargeable batteries have been explored as potential candidates for the large-scale storage of intermittent power sources. Among these, redox flow batteries stand out due to their low fabrication costs, high scalability, and long cycle life. Several redox flow battery pilot plants with MWh capacity have been constructed worldwide, although their commercial profitability is currently under investigation. 3D printing as a burgeoning technology offers unlimited opportunities in the process of optimizing the design, performance, and fabrication cost of redox flow batteries as compared to traditional top-down manufacturing techniques. This review discusses the principles of various redox flow batteries and 3D printing techniques, followed by explaining the advantages, disadvantages, and major factors to consider when using 3D printing in the construction of efficient redox flow batteries. The practical applications of 3D printing for redox flow batteries with different redox chemistries in the past decade are critically summarized, including classical all-vanadium, Zn/Br, and novel competitors. Lastly, a summary is provided along with outlooks that may provide valuable guidance for scientists interested in this research frontier.

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“…Hence, an additional compound, organic amine, is added to dissolve it in the solution as viscous bromine adduct oil. Additionally, Zn also tends to deposit on the electrode during charging in the form of a dendrite crystal structure with a high current density, which may cause short circuits through the polyolefin membrane [110]. The surface morphology of this electroplated Zn is determined by the current density, temperature of the solution, and the flow velocity [111].…”

Section: Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing and Lifecycle Assessment of Electrochemical Batteries for Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Storage Systems

Sarwat¹,

Khalid²,

Jalal³

et al. 2023

Smart Mobility - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications

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Electrochemical batteries have demonstrated quality performances in reducing emissions in Electric Vehicles (EV) and Renewable Energy Storage (RES) systems. These chemistries, although most of them commercialized, contribute to ecological toxicity and global warming in their lifecycle phases. With the addition of new energy storage chemistries, sizing uncertainty and resulting environmental damage are increasing. This chapter presents a comprehensive comparative exploration of 14 electrochemical batteries, including chemistries in the research and development phase. To identify the appropriate chemistry, the capacity range sizing criteria, and formulations are presented with case studies of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved driving profiles for EVs, and consumption load profiles for RES systems, dependent on a given set of operational constraints. Furthermore, a lifecycle impact assessment (LCA) metric, the Cradle-to-Gate technique, is computed to evaluate the sized storage chemistries’ environmental impact supported by five case studies considering short-, medium-, and long-term duration operations and storage services.

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Description of the Zn/Br RFB System

Cited by 4 publications

References 59 publications

Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds Entrapped in a Gel Matrix for Realizing the Improved Cycle Life of Zinc Bromine Redox Flow Batteries

Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds Entrapped in a Gel Matrix for Realizing the Improved Cycle Life of Zinc Bromine Redox Flow Batteries

Manufacturing flow batteries using advanced 3D printing technology—A review

Sizing and Lifecycle Assessment of Electrochemical Batteries for Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Storage Systems

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