Description of full-range strain hardening behavior of steels

Abstract

Mathematical expression describing plastic behavior of steels allows the execution of parametric studies for many purposes. Various formulas have been developed to characterize stress strain curves of steels. However, most of those formulas failed to describe accurately the strain hardening behavior of steels in the full range which shows various distinct stages. For this purpose, a new formula is developed based on the well-known Ramberg–Osgood formula to describe the full range strain hardening behavior of steels. Test results of all the six types of steels show a three-stage strain hardening behavior. The proposed formula can describe such behavior accurately in the full range using a single expression. The parameters of the formula can be obtained directly and easily through linear regression analysis. Excellent agreements with the test data are observed for all the steels tested. Furthermore, other formulas such as Ludwigson formula, Gardner formula, UGent formula are also applied for comparison. Finally, the proposed formula is considered to have wide suitability and high accuracy for all the steels tested.

Effect of Annealing Time and Temperature Parameters on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Strain-Hardening Coefficients of 42CrMo4 Steel

“…Additionally, many researchers have stressed the importance of calculating strain-hardening coefficients such as a strength coefficient, c, and a strain-hardening exponent, n. They are particularly essential when selecting heat treatment technological parameters or elaborating metal forming technology for steel [22,23], aluminium alloys [24,25], magnesium alloys [26,27], pure copper [28], powder metallurgy materials [29,30], or plasticine [31,32], or even MMC (metal matrix composite) materials [33,34]. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of annealing on the strain-hardening parameters, and the c and n coefficients are determined and can be used in numerical simulations and experimental tests of 42CrMo4 steel components dedicated for metal forming [35,36].…”

Erratum to: Description of full-range strain hardening behavior of steels

“…Following the publication of our article (Li et al 2016), we have become aware that the legends of Fig. 2 and Table 2 should read as follows:…”

Effect of Annealing Time and Temperature Parameters on the Microstructure, Hardness and Strain-Hardening Coefficients of 42CrMo4 Steel

“…Additionally, many researchers have stressed the importance of calculating strain hardening coefficients such as a strength coefficient, c, and a strain hardening exponent, n. They are particularly essential when selecting heat treatment technological parameters or elaborating metal forming technology for steel [22,23], aluminium alloys [24,25], magnesium alloys [26,27], pure copper [28], powder metallurgy materials [29,30] or plasticine [31,32] or even MMC materials [33,34]. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of annealing on the strain hardening parameters, the c and n coefficients are determined and can be used in numerical simulations and experimental tests of 42CrMo4 steel components dedicated for metal forming [35,36].…”