Description of Caurinus tlagu, new species, from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska (Mecoptera, Boreidae, Caurininae)

Sikes, Derek S.; Stockbridge, Jill

doi:10.3897/zookeys.316.5400

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Future SDMs for these species forecast serious impacts, especially on the outer islands of the AA (Figure ). Those outer islands now support a disproportionate number of subspecies (Cook & MacDonald, ) and endemic lineages of mammals (Cook et al, ) and other taxa (Sikes & Stockbridge, ). Those islands also have experienced extensive anthropogenic habitat conversion (e.g., clear‐cut logging of old‐growth forests) over the past six decades with only minimal monitoring of impacts on biodiversity (Cook et al, ; Orians & Schoen, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living on the edge: Exploring the role of coastal refugia in the Alexander Archipelago of Alaska

Sawyer

MacDonald

Lessa

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Although islands are of long‐standing interest to biologists, only a handful of studies have investigated the role of climatic history in shaping evolutionary diversification in high‐latitude archipelagos. In this study of the Alexander Archipelago (AA) of Southeast Alaska, we address the impact of glacial cycles on geographic genetic structure for three mammals co‐distributed along the North Pacific Coast. We examined variation in mitochondrial and nuclear loci for long‐tailed voles ( Microtus longicaudus ), northwestern deermice ( Peromyscus keeni ), and dusky shrews ( Sorex monticola ), and then tested hypotheses derived from Species Distribution Models, reconstructions of paleoshorelines, and island area and isolation. In all three species, we identified paleoendemic clades that likely originated in coastal refugia, a finding consistent with other paleoendemic lineages identified in the region such as ermine. Although there is spatial concordance at the regional level for endemism, finer scale spatial and temporal patterns are less clearly defined. Demographic expansion across the region for these distinctive clades is also evident and highlights the dynamic history of Late Quaternary contraction and expansion that characterizes high‐latitude species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living on the edge: Exploring the role of coastal refugia in the Alexander Archipelago of Alaska

Sawyer

MacDonald

Lessa

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Phylogenetic evidence points to fleas being clearly monophyletic, and some studies have proposed a sister group relationship to the extant Boreidae (snow scorpionflies), with which they share important morphological characters (Sikes and Stockbridge, 2013;Whiting, 2002;Whiting et al, 2008). Based on the oldest known boreid fossils, Palaeoboreus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fleas (Siphonaptera) are Cretaceous, and evolved with Theria

Zhu

Hastriter

Whiting

et al. 2015

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Fleas (order Siphonaptera) are highly-specialized, diverse blood-feeding ectoparasites of mammals and birds with an enigmatic evolutionary history and obscure origin. We here present a molecular phylogenetic study based on a comprehensive taxon sampling of 259 flea taxa, representing 16 of the 18 extant families of this order. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree with strong nodal support was recovered, consisting of seven sequentially derived lineages with Macropsyllidae as the earliest divergence, followed by Stephanocircidae. Divergence times of flea lineages were estimated based on fossil records and host specific associations to bats (Chiroptera), suggesting that the common ancestor of extant Siphonaptera diversified during the Cretaceous. However, most of the intraordinal divergence into extant lineages took place after the K-Pg boundary. Ancestral states of host association and biogeographical distribution were reconstructed, suggesting with high likelihood that fleas originated in the southern continents (Gondwana) and migrated from South America to their extant distributions in a relatively short time frame. Theria (placental mammals and marsupials) represent the most likely ancestral host group of extant Siphonaptera, with marsupials occupying a more important role than previously assumed. Major extant flea families evolved in connection to post K-Pg diversification of Placentalia. The association of fleas with monotremes and birds is likely due to later secondary host association. These results suggest caution in casually interpreting recently discovered Mesozoic fossil "dinosaur fleas" of Northeast Asia as part of what we currently consider Siphonaptera.

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“…In contrast, frequent discoveries of deeply divergent endemics along the NPC (Barry & Tallmon, 2010; Dawson et al., 2007; Sawyer et al., 2019) provide mounting evidence for the existence of one and possibly multiple coastal refugia along the NPC (Ager, 2019; Baichtal & Carlson, 2010; Carrara et al., 2003, 2007). Our results suggest that conservation efforts focus on insular endemics (Cook et al, 2006; Sikes & Stockbridge, 2013), as their unique molecular and morphological characteristics may rise to the species level with the analysis of additional data streams. Re‐evaluation of cryptic diversity along the NPC is warranted and urgent given anthropogenic changes now underway and planned on numerous coastal islands (USDA, 2007a,b; Stewart, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Extrinsically reinforced hybrid speciation within Holarctic ermine (Mustelaspp.) produces an insular endemic

Colella

Frederick

Talbot

et al. 2021

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Refugial isolation during glaciation is an established driver of speciation; however, the opposing role of interglacial population expansion, secondary contact, and gene flow on the diversification process remains less understood. The consequences of glacial cycling on diversity are complex and especially so for archipelago species, which experience dramatic fluctuations in connectivity in response to both lower sea levels during glacial events and increased fragmentation during glacial recession. We test whether extended refugial isolation has led to the divergence of genetically and morphologically distinct species within Holarctic ermine (Mustela erminea), a small cosmopolitan carnivore species that harbours 34 extant subspecies, 14 of which are insular endemics. Location Holarctic. Methods We use genetic sequences (complete mitochondrial genomes, four nuclear genes) from >100 ermine (stoats) and geometric morphometric data for >200 individuals (27 of the 34 extant subspecies) from across their Holarctic range to provide an integrative perspective on diversification and endemism across this complex landscape. Multiple species delimitation methods (iBPP, bPTP) assessed congruence between morphometric and genetic data. Results Our results support the recognition of at least three species within the M. erminea complex, coincident with three of four genetic clades, tied to diversification in separate glacial refugia. We found substantial geographic variation within each species, with geometric morphometric results largely consistent with historical infraspecific taxonomy. Main conclusions Phylogeographic structure mirrors patterns of diversification in other Holarctic species, with a major Nearctic‐Palearctic split, but with greater intraspecific morphological diversity. Recognition of insular endemic species M. haidarum is consistent with a deep history of refugial persistence and highlights the urgency of mindful management of island populations along North America's North Pacific Coast. Significant environmental modification (e.g. industrial‐scale logging, mining) has been proposed for a number of these islands, which may elevate the risk of extinction of insular palaeoendemics.

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Description of Caurinus tlagu, new species, from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska (Mecoptera, Boreidae, Caurininae)

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Living on the edge: Exploring the role of coastal refugia in the Alexander Archipelago of Alaska

Living on the edge: Exploring the role of coastal refugia in the Alexander Archipelago of Alaska

Fleas (Siphonaptera) are Cretaceous, and evolved with Theria

Extrinsically reinforced hybrid speciation within Holarctic ermine (Mustelaspp.) produces an insular endemic

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