Description of Arthrobacter creatinolyticus sp. nov., isolated from human urine

Hou, Xiao-Gang; Kawamura, Y.; Sultana, Farjana; Shu, Shin-Ei; Hirose, Kenji; Goto, Kiichi; Ezaki, Takayuki

doi:10.1099/00207713-48-2-423

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…are widely distributed in the environment, especially in soil, and have recently been recognized as opportunistic pathogens. Among the 38 validly described Arthrobacter species at the time of writing of the present report, 5 were isolated from clinical sources, namely Arthrobacter albus (30), Arthrobacter creatinolyticus (13), Arthrobacter cumminsii (10), Arthrobacter luteolus (30), and Arthrobacter woluwensis (10). In addition, some strains of Arthrobacter oxydans were isolated from human blood (30).…”

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Arthrobacter scleromae sp. nov. Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens

Huang

Zhao

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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A gram-positive, coryneform bacterium was isolated from swollen scleromata of a dermatosis patient. An analysis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic characteristics showed that this bacterium is closely associated with Arthrobacter oxydans and Arthrobacter polychromogenes but that it belongs to a distinct species, for which the name Arthrobacter scleromae sp. nov. is proposed. CASE REPORTA 19-year-old male presented to our clinic with a 2-month history of swollen scleromata on his back and hip. He complained of itching and pain at the foci of infection, especially when being touched, and of difficulties sitting and sleeping. No other relevant symptoms were present. While the patient was somewhat thin, his nutritional state was normal. He denied having any other previous illnesses of note or a family history of skin sensitivity.Scattered, dull red, swollen dermal scleromata on the patient's back and hip were noted upon examination. Some of the scleromata were as large as chicken eggs, had white pus on the tops, and oozed a bloody effusion when pierced. No lymphadenopathy was detected, and the physical examination was otherwise normal. Routine hematological investigations revealed a leukocyte count of 6.5 ϫ 10 9 cells/liter, with 38.5% lymphocytes, a hemoglobin level of 12.6 g/dl, and a platelet count of 250 ϫ 10 9 /liter. The lymphocyte T4/T8 ratio was 1.5. The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) level was 1,120 mg/dl, the IgA level was 410 mg/dl, and the IgM level was 183 g/dl. Complement C3 was at 0.9 g/liter, C4 was at 0.75 g/liter, and CH50 was at 66.6 U. The serum HB s Ag test was negative. The scleromata developed slowly and looked like granuloma. No skin biopsy was performed. Samples of the bloody effusion were sent for bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal cultures. A rapidly growing bacterium with numerous colonies in a pure culture state on blood agar was seen after 24 h at 35°C. The isolate was suspected of being Staphylococcus epidermidis due to colonial and cell morphology. But in succedent liquid culture, a rod coccus growth cycle was observed within 24 h at 35°C. Thus, a gram-positive coryneform bacterium, which was subsequently identified as an Arthrobacter sp., was recognized. The patient was treated with oral Chinese herbal medicine for heat clearing and detoxifying once a week for 1 month. Meanwhile, empirical antimicrobial therapy with oral ampicillin was initiated. Once the culture result was ascertained, on the fifth day from the start of the therapy, antibiotic treatment was changed to intravenous ceftriaxone and cefazolin for 2 weeks and then to oral ceftriaxone, with slow resolution of the lesion over a 2-month period.

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Arthrobacter scleromae sp. nov. Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens

Huang

Zhao

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Two main groups of species are distinguished within the genus Arthrobacter sensu stricto on the basis of their peptidoglycan type and menaquinone composition (Keddie et al, 1986;Schleifer & Kandler, 1972;Stackebrandt et al, 1983;Stackebrandt & Schumann, 2000 Group I species of Arthrobacter contain A3a peptidoglycan variant and include most species of the genus including Arthrobacter globiformis, the type species (Stackebrandt et al, 1983). Group II species possess the A4a peptidoglycan variant and include Arthrobacter nicotianae, Arthrobacter sulfureus, Arthrobacter mysorens, Arthrobacter uratoxydans and Arthrobacter protophormiae and also two relatively recently described species, Arthrobacter creatinolyticus (Hou et al, 1998) and Arthrobacter rhombi (Osario et al, 1999). Representatives of the group II species form a separate branch within the phylogenetic cluster of the genus Arthrobacter (Osario et al, 1999;Stackebrandt & Schumann, 2000).…”

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Arthrobacter bergerei sp. nov. and Arthrobacter arilaitensis sp. nov., novel coryneform species isolated from the surfaces of cheeses

Irlinger

Bimet

Delettre

et al. 2005

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Fourteen isolates of two different bacterial species isolated from the surface of smear-ripened cheeses were found to exhibit many characteristics of the genus Arthrobacter. The isolates were aerobic, Gram-positive, catalase-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. rrs sequence analysis indicated that the new isolates Re117T and Ca106T are closely related to the Arthrobacter nicotianae group and showed highest sequence similarity (>98 %) to Arthrobacter nicotianae and Arthrobacter protophormiae. However, DNA–DNA hybridization studies indicated that the strains represented two novel genomic species within the genus Arthrobacter and did not belong to A. nicotianae or A. protophormiae (<43 % DNA–DNA relatedness). On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic distinctiveness of the new isolates, these bacteria should be classified as two novel Arthrobacter species, for which the names Arthrobacter bergerei sp. nov. and Arthrobacter arilaitensis sp. nov. are proposed. Type strains have been deposited in culture collections as Arthrobacter bergerei Ca106T (=CIP 108036T=DSM 16367T) and Arthrobacter arilaitensis Re117T (=CIP 108037T=DSM 16368T).

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“…After the initial descriptions (7, 9), only a few other studies have been published regarding the appearance of Arthrobacter spp. in clinical specimens (1,10,11,12,23). Therefore, we have continued to collect Arthrobacter isolates either from our routine clinical laboratory procedures or as reference cultures sent to us.…”

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Identities of Arthrobacter spp. and Arthrobacter -Like Bacteria Encountered in Human Clinical Specimens

et al. 2008

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After the initial description of Arthrobacter spp. isolated from clinical specimens in the mid-1990s, very few further reports on Arthrobacter spp. have appeared in the clinical microbiology literature. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the distribution of Arthrobacter spp. and Arthrobacter-like bacteria encountered in clinical specimens by studying 50 consecutively isolated or received strains of large-colony-forming, whiteish-grayish, non-cheese-like-smelling, nonfermentative gram-positive rods by applying phenotypic methods as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed a very heterogenous distribution, with the 50 strains belonging to 20 different taxa and each of 13 strains as a single representative of its particular taxon. Thirty-eight strains represented true Arthrobacter strains, 7 strains belonged to the genus Brevibacterium, 2 were Microbacterium species, and each of 3 single strains was a member of the rarely encountered genera Pseudoclavibacter, Leucobacter, and Brachybacterium, respectively. A. cumminsii (n ‫؍‬ 14) and A. oxydans (n ‫؍‬ 11) were the most frequently found species. The present report describes the first three A. aurescens strains isolated from human clinical specimens. Comprehensive antimicrobial susceptibility data are given for the 38 Arthrobacter isolates.Arthrobacter spp. belong to the heterogenous group of coryneform bacteria and had not been reported to have been isolated from human clinical specimens until the mid-1990s (7). This was somewhat surprising, because Arthrobacter spp. are the most frequently isolated coryneform bacteria when soil specimens are incubated aerobically, indicating that humans are unceasingly exposed to these bacteria. After the initial descriptions (7, 9), only a few other studies have been published regarding the appearance of Arthrobacter spp. in clinical specimens (1,10,11,12,23). Therefore, we have continued to collect Arthrobacter isolates either from our routine clinical laboratory procedures or as reference cultures sent to us. The present report outlines the data pertaining to 50 consecutive Arthrobacter or Arthrobacter-like strains collected by one of the authors (G. Funke). Arthrobacter and Arthrobacter-like strains were defined for the purposes of the present study as large-colony-forming, whiteish-grayish, non-cheese-like-smelling, nonfermentative gram-positive rods. The aim of the study was to investigate the identity of Arthrobacter and Arthrobacterlike strains by use of phenotypic and molecular genetic methods in order to finally reveal the true distribution within clinical Arthrobacter isolates. In addition, we determined MICs of a variety of antimicrobials against these bacteria, since limited data exist in the relevant literature on the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Arthrobacter spp. As a byproduct of our investigations, we describe two new bacterial species, namely, Arthrobacter sanguinis sp. nov. and Brevibacterium ravenspurgense sp. nov. MATERIALS AND METHODS Strains.The 50 strains examined in the present s...

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Description of Arthrobacter creatinolyticus sp. nov., isolated from human urine

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Arthrobacter scleromae sp. nov. Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens

Arthrobacter scleromae sp. nov. Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens

Arthrobacter bergerei sp. nov. and Arthrobacter arilaitensis sp. nov., novel coryneform species isolated from the surfaces of cheeses

Identities of Arthrobacter spp. and Arthrobacter -Like Bacteria Encountered in Human Clinical Specimens

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