Identities of
            <i>Arthrobacter</i>
            spp. and
            <i>Arthrobacter</i>
            -Like Bacteria Encountered in Human Clinical Specimens

Mages, Irene S.; Frodl, Reinhard; Bernard, Kathryn; Funke, Guido

doi:10.1128/jcm.00658-08

Cited by 66 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We performed susceptibility testing by Etest and found high MICs of clindamycin, confirming the results of Lemaitre at al (9). MICs of other antibiotics tested confirm the results of Mages et al, who have tested the largest cohort of clinically important Arthrobacter-like bacteria so far (10). For ceftriaxone, we found a MIC of 0.5 mg/liter, to which coryneform bacteria are still susceptible according to the CLSI M45-A2 document (11).…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

First Case of Pseudoclavibacter bifida Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Host with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Oyaert

Baère

Breyne³

et al. 2013

J Clin Microbiol

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f Pseudoclavibacter spp. are Gram-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive, coryneform bacteria belonging to the family of Microbacteriaceae. Identification of these species with conventional biochemical assays is difficult. This case report of a Pseudoclavibacter bifida bacteremia occurring in an immunocompromised host diagnosed with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with a lethal outcome, confirms that this organism may be a human pathogen. CASE REPORTA n 86-year-old male patient suffering from dyspnea, with severe respiratory distress and fever, was admitted to our hospital. In 2006, the patient was diagnosed with class I chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), for which he was receiving inhaled glucocorticoids and long-acting bronchodilators. COPD exacerbation with a left lobular pneumonia led to hospitalization in July 2011. Treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was initiated and switched to piperacillin-tazobactam due to respiratory insufficiency. Bronchial aspirates and blood cultures remained negative. Normalization of the lung function parameters and improvement in his general condition led to discharge from the hospital. Other relevant medical history comprised arrhythmia, renal failure, and diabetes mellitus type II.In September 2011, he presented with dyspnea and fever (body temperature, 38.4°C). No other significant symptoms could be elicited. The patient was hemodynamically stable. Hematological investigations revealed a white blood cell count of 33.4 ϫ 10 3 cells/l, with 96% neutrophils (reference range, 46 to 64%), a hemoglobin level of 10.3 g/dl (reference range, 12.6 to 17.4 g/dl), a hematocrit of 31.0% (reference range, 39.0 to 50.0%), and a platelet count of 245 ϫ 10 3 /l (reference range, 150 ϫ 10 3 to 450 ϫ 10 3 /l). The C-reactive protein level increased up to 29.5 mg/dl (normal, Ͻ1.0 mg/dl) 3 days after admission (initial value at admission, 20.1 mg/dl), and the serum creatinine level was 3.12 mg/dl (reference range, 0.70 to 1.30 mg/dl). The levels of D-dimers (1,906 ng/ml [reference range, Ͻ500 ng/nl]) and digoxin (3.35 g/liter [reference range, 0.80 to 2.00 g/liter]) were increased. An arterial blood gas examination revealed decreased pO 2 and pCO 2 levels of 60 mm Hg (reference range, 75 to 100 mm Hg) and 29.1 mm Hg (reference range, 30 to 48 mm Hg), respectively. A bedside chest X ray showed infiltrates in the left and right lobes, suggestive of bilateral pneumonia (Fig. 1).Before intravenous antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone (2 g every 24 h) was initiated, two aerobic and two anaerobic blood culture bottles (Bactec; Becton, Dickinson, Sparks, MD) were collected at two different fever spikes. One pair was drawn through a catheter; another pair was drawn by peripheral venipuncture. After a mean incubation time of 52.4 h at 35°C, branched, rodshaped, whitish-grayish, nonfermentative Gram-positive bacteria were observed in both aerobic blood culture bottles. Further bacteriological investigation showed nonmotile, alkaline phosphatase-positive, cat...

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confidence: 76%

First Case of Pseudoclavibacter bifida Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Host with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Oyaert

Baère

Breyne³

et al. 2013

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Of those, 60 isolates (0.4‰; see Table S1 in the supplemental material) had a 16S rRNA gene homology of Ͻ99% to members of accepted taxa on the date of the first interpretation. A total of 11 of the 60 sequences with a 16S rRNA homology of Ͻ99% in the first-time analysis could be allocated to a species established during the study term as a novel species by others: Acinetobacter septicus (16,20), Brevibacterium ravenspurgense (17), Corynebacterium freiburgense (12), Corynebacterium massiliense (n ϭ 2) (18), C. mastitidis (10,18), C. pyruviciproducens (26), C. ureicelerivorans (11,31), Neisseria zoodegmatis (28), Paenibacillus barengoltzii (21), and the reclassified Campy- lobacter ureolyticus (previously known as Bacteroides ureolyticus) (27). We calculated dendrograms to assess phylogenetic relationships (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recognition of Potentially Novel Human Disease-Associated Pathogens by Implementation of Systematic 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing in the Diagnostic Laboratory

Keller

Rampini²,

Büchler

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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Clinical isolates that are difficult to identify by conventional means form a valuable source of novel human pathogens. We report on a 5-year study based on systematic 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. We found 60 previously unknown 16S rRNA sequences corresponding to potentially novel bacterial taxa. For 30 of 60 isolates, clinical relevance was evaluated; 18 of the 30 isolates analyzed were considered to be associated with human disease.16S rRNA gene sequence analysis is broadly considered the "gold standard" in bacterial identification (6,29). In daily clinical diagnostics, accurate bacterial identification is essential in judging whether a bacterial isolate is to be considered the causative agent of an infectious disease or merely a colonizer. In our study, we aimed to characterize the bacterial diversity encountered in a diagnostic laboratory by revealing potentially novel, clinically relevant species, according to the current species definition by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (22).Routine 16S rRNA gene sequencing is implemented in our laboratory and is a fixed part of our diagnostic algorithms for identification of bacterial isolates (1, 2, 32). We retrospectively reanalyzed 16S rRNA gene sequences collected during 2004 to 2008 to identify potentially novel bacterial taxa of clinical relevance. The Institute of Medical Microbiology (IMM) serves the 850-bed University Hospital of Zurich and surrounding smaller hospitals. Bacterial isolates from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, wounds, joint aspirates, respiratory samples, genitourinary swabs, feces, and urine were recovered by culture on appropriate media according to standard procedures (19). Isolates that could not be identified by phenotypic methods underwent sequencing. 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed as previously described (1). Homology analyses were performed using the SmartGene Integrated Database Network System (IDNS) (24) and NCBI GenBank databases. For the first screening of our large data collection, we selected isolates with sequence homology of Ͻ99.0% to members of described taxa, regarding these as potentially novel species; isolates with sequence homology of Ͻ95% were regarded as representatives of a novel genus (2). The boundary for novel families was Ͻ87.5% homology and, for novel orders, Ͻ78.4% 16S rRNA sequence homology (30). After the first screening, we used more stringent cutoff values (Ͻ97.5% for species) for taxa with significant interspecies 16S rRNA divergence; i.e., members of the Paenibacillaceae family and the Clostridiales order (6, 25).During the 5-year study period, 1,663 cultured isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (Table 1). Of those, 60 isolates (0.4‰; see Table S1 in the supplemental material) had a 16S rRNA gene homology of Ͻ99% to members of accepted taxa on the date of the first interpretation. A total of 11 of the 60 sequences with a 16S rRNA homology of Ͻ99% in the first-time analysis could be allocated to a species established during the study term as a novel species by othe...

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“…As a result, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum were identified as Arthrobacter cumminsii of Arthrobacter genus. Although Arthrobacter is a genus of urease-producing coryneform bacteria that commonly exist in soil, recent reports have indicated Arthrobacter species can exist in human bodies as well and cause infections 8) . Some reports state that Arthrobacter cumminsii especially have a high isolation frequency in human samples and have caused urinary tract infections before, and this did not invalidate the idea that the bacteria caused the urinary tract infection in this case 9,10) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of hyperammonemia due to urinary tract infection complicated by hypothyroidism

Inoue

Nakada

Namiki

et al. 2012

Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai Zasshi

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An 84-year-old woman was transferred to our emergency department because of disturbance of consciousness by an ambulance. She was treated for Graves disease in her 20's, but the treatment has been discontinued. She regularly visited a family doctor for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux, and osteoporosis. Her regularly medications were: lansoprazole, metoclopramide, ethyl icosapentate, rosuvastatin calcium, mosapride citrate hydrate, magnesium hydroxide, alfacalcidol, risedronate sodium hydrate, meloxicam. One day before she came to our hospital, the patient visited her family doctor with complaining of lower abdominal pain, general fatigue, and low motivation. She received intravenous fluid for dehydration and was prescribed ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for diagnosis as cystitis. As she expressed suicidal ideation, sulpiride was administered for depression as well. On the following day, when the acquaintance visited the patient at home, the patient was A case of hyperammonemia due to urinary tract infection complicated by hypothyroidismHiroyuki Inoue 1 , Takuro Nakada 1 , Mizuho Namiki 2 , Arino Yaguchi 2 ABSTRACT We report a case of disturbance of consciousness due to hyperammonemia stemming from urinary tract infection with urease-producing bacteria and complicated with hypothyroidism. An 84-yearold woman visited her family doctor with a history of excessive fatigue and was prescribed ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for cystitis and sulpiride for depression. The following day, she was brought to our hospital in an ambulance because of disturbance of consciousness. Sulpiride poisoning was suspected, and she was admitted to our emergency department. Because blood tests suggested hyperammonemia (197 µg/dl) and hypothyroidism, she was administered Lactulose, branched-chain amino acids, and thyroid hormones. Neither liver disease nor portosystemic shunting was observed in the blood or the imaging tests. The consciousness level initially improved along with the ammonia levels, however it later deteriorated again as the ammonia levels increased. Because urinary tract infection was complicated, we started administering antimicrobials. As a result, the level of ammonia normalized, and the level of consciousness improved. Arthrobacter cumminsii was detected by urine culture. Thus, we made a diagnosis as hyperammonemia due to urinary tract infection with urease-producing bacteria. In addition, hypothyroidisim in the patient aggravated hyperammonemia. In cases of hyperammonemia unaccompanied by liver disease, urease-producing bacterial infection and/or hypothyroidism should be considered. (JJAAM. 2012; 23: 398-402)

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Identities of Arthrobacter spp. and Arthrobacter -Like Bacteria Encountered in Human Clinical Specimens

Cited by 66 publications

References 21 publications

First Case of Pseudoclavibacter bifida Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Host with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

First Case of Pseudoclavibacter bifida Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Host with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Recognition of Potentially Novel Human Disease-Associated Pathogens by Implementation of Systematic 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing in the Diagnostic Laboratory

A case of hyperammonemia due to urinary tract infection complicated by hypothyroidism

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