Description of a new species of <i>Microhyla</i> from Bali, Indonesia (Amphibia, Anura)

Abstract

We describe a microhylid frog from Bali, Indonesia as a new species, Microhyla orientalis sp. nov. It belongs to the M. achatina group and is close to M. mantheyi, M. malang, and M. borneensis. It is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: small size (adult males about 16-17 mm in SVL); a faint vertebral stripe present; a black lateral stripe from behind eye to half length of trunk; snout rounded in profile; eyelid without supraciliary spines; first finger less than one-fifth of third; tips of three outer fingers weakly dilated, forming weak disks, dorsally with median longitudinal groove; outer palmar tubercle single; tibiotarsal articulation reaching up to center of eye; tips of toes distinctly dilated into disks, dorsally with median longitudinal groove; inner and outer metatarsal tubercles present; four or more phalanges on inner and outer sides of fourth toe, and three phalanges on inner side of fifth toe free of web; and tail of larva with a black marking at middle. The male advertisement call of the new species consists of a series of notes each lasts for 0.01−0.08 s and composed of 3−5 pulses with a dominant frequency of 3.2-3.6 kHz. Uncorrected sequence divergences between M. orientalis and all homologous 16S rRNA sequences available were >6.6%. At present, the new species is known from rice fields between 435-815 m elevation in Wongaya Gede and Batukaru.

A new species of Microhyla (Anura: Microhylidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia

“…The methods for DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing for the12S and 16S rRNA gene fragments are the same reported by Matsui et al (2011Matsui et al ( , 2013. DNA sequences were edited using the ChromasPro software (Technelysium Pty Ltd., Tewantin, Queensland, Australia).…”

“…We measured 39 characters with a dial caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm. The following characters were taken (sometimes modified) from Matsui (1984Matsui ( , 2013: 1 In addition to morphometric analyses, we examined and scored several qualitative characters: snout shape, finger and toe tip shape, median longitudial groove dorsally on finger and toe tips, ventral color, lateral and dorsal body color, anal region color, temporal/ postorbital region and vertebral stripes, and dark stripe pattern of hind legs. We compared morphological data among populations of M. achatina from Java and Sumatra using a multivariate Principal Component Analysis log 10 transformed values (Thorpe, 1975).…”

“…The name M. achatina was previously applied to several populations from Myanmar; Peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra, Java, Bali, and the Philippines (van Kampen, 1923;McKay, 2006). Then, molecular studies proved that the populations outside of Indonesia belonged to other species (Matsui et al, 2011(Matsui et al, & 2013Frost, 2017) and M. achatina was considered a Javanese endemic (Natus, 2005;Mckay, 2006). Matsui et al (2011) firstly examined specimens from Sumatra that are morphogically look alike to M. achatina from Java, and these were suspected to be different http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C9A1CFCB-D534-4398-B1F3-10F774F2880B from M. achatina, based on large genetic distances from the later (16S rRNA 5.5-6.6%), and referred to it as Microhyla sp.…”

Advertisement call and description of the tadpole of Microhyla marmorata Bain & Nguyen, 2004 from Xuan Son national park, Phu Tho province

“…Về đặc điểm âm học của các loài thuộc giống Microhyla, đã có một số công bố về đặc điểm âm học của các loài M. borneensis, M. petrigena [5], M. nepenthicola [4], M. orientalis [13] và M. ornata [12]. Về đặc điểm hình thái của nòng nọc, đã có một số công bố về các loài: M. annamensis, M. minuta, M. pineticola, M. pulchella [17], M. fissipe [11] và M. ornata [15].…”

“…Tuy nhiên, tần số trội cao nhất gặp ở loài M. nepenthicola (3-5,5 kHz; [4]), tiếp theo là M. petrigena (3,85-5,05 kHz; [5]), M. orientalis (3,2-3,6 kHz; [13]) và thấp nhất ở loài M. marmorata (2,756-3,015 kHz) và khác với tiếng kêu đơn nốt của hai loài M. borneensis và M. ornata [5,12].…”