Description of a Natural Infection with Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 in Farmed Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Qiu, Liu; Chen, Xing; Zhao, Ruo-Heng; Li, Chen; Gao, Wen; Zhang, Qingli; Huang, Jie

doi:10.3390/v11040354

Cited by 76 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For the natural infection pathway, positive detections of DIV1 by PCR or qPCR have been reported in different natural samples of crustacean, including P. vannamei [9], P. chinensis [9], M. rosenbergii [9,23], C. quadricarinatus [8], Procambarus clarkii [23,24], P. japonicus [23], M. nipponense [23,24], M. superbum [24], and Cladocera [24]. Severe disease with high mortality has been reported and infection with DIV1 has been demonstrated in C. quadricarinatus , P. vannamei , and M. rosenbergii [8,9,24]. All of these have been confirmed as being susceptible species for DIV1, fulfilling the natural infection criteria of OIE standards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these have been confirmed as being susceptible species for DIV1, fulfilling the natural infection criteria of OIE standards. The susceptibility of P. chinensis , P. japonicus , and M. superbum to DIV1 were not fully confirmed, as the evidence of PCR or qPCR positives [23,24] only supports the existence of DIV1. Confirmation of infection with DIV1 can usually be supported by evidence from histopathological evaluations, TEM, or in situ hybridization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of Exopalaemon carinicauda to the Infection with Shrimp Hemocyte Iridescent Virus (SHIV 20141215), a Strain of Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1)

Chen

Qiu

Wang

et al. 2019

Viruses

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In this study, ridgetail white prawns—Exopalaemon carinicauda—were infected per os (PO) with debris of Penaeus vannamei infected with shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus (SHIV 20141215), a strain of decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1), and via intramuscular injection (IM with raw extracts of SHIV 20141215. The infected E. carinicauda showed obvious clinical symptoms, including weakness, empty gut and stomach, pale hepatopancreas, and partial death with mean cumulative mortalities of 42.5% and 70.8% by nonlinear regression, respectively. Results of TaqMan probe-based real-time quantitative PCR showed that the moribund and surviving individuals with clinical signs of infected E. carinicauda were DIV1-positive. Histological examination showed that there were darkly eosinophilic and cytoplasmic inclusions, of which some were surrounded with or contained tiny basophilic staining, and pyknosis in hemocytes in hepatopancreatic sinus, hematopoietic cells, cuticular epithelium, etc. On the slides of in situ DIG-labeling-loop-mediated DNA amplification (ISDL), positive signals were observed in hematopoietic tissue, stomach, cuticular epithelium, and hepatopancreatic sinus of infected prawns from both PO and IM groups. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of ultrathin sections showed that icosahedral DIV1 particles existed in hepatopancreatic sinus and gills of the infected E. carinicauda from the PO group. The viral particles were also observed in hepatopancreatic sinus, gills, pereiopods, muscles, and uropods of the infected E. carinicauda from the IM group. The assembled virions, which mostly distributed along the edge of the cytoplasmic virogenic stromata near cellular membrane of infected cells, were enveloped and approximately 150 nm in diameter. The results of molecular tests, histopathological examination, ISDL, and TEM confirmed that E. carinicauda is a susceptible host of DIV1. This study also indicated that E. carinicauda showed some degree of tolerance to the infection with DIV1 per os challenge mimicking natural pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Exopalaemon carinicauda to the Infection with Shrimp Hemocyte Iridescent Virus (SHIV 20141215), a Strain of Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1)

Chen

Qiu

Wang

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…Results from the histopathological study using transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections and in situ hybridization indicated that SHIV mainly infects the hematopoietic tissue and hemocytes in the Pacific white shrimp ( 6 ). In 2019, the Executive Committee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) identified two virus isolates, SHIV and CQIV, as decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) ( 10 ). Crustaceans in the coastal region of China, including L. vannamei, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Exopalaemon carinicauda , and Macrobrachium rosenbergii , can all carry DIV1 ( 6 , 11 , 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Litopenaeus vannamei Reveals That Triosephosphate Isomerase-Like Genes Play an Important Role During Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 Infection

Liao

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) results in severe economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. However, little is known about the physiological effect of DIV1 infection on the host. In this study, we found that the lethal dose 50 of DIV1-infected Litopenaeus vannamei after 48, 72, 96, and 156 h were 4.86 × 10 6 , 5.07 × 10 5 , 2.13 × 10 5 , and 2.38 × 10 4 copies/μg DNA, respectively. In order to investigate the mechanisms of DIV1 infection, a comparative transcriptome analysis of hemocytes from L. vannamei , infected or not with DIV1, was conducted. The BUSCO analysis showed that the transcriptome was with high completeness (complete single-copy BUSCOs: 57.3%, complete duplicated BUSCOs: 41.1%, fragmentation: 0.8%, missing: 0.8%). A total of 168,854 unigenes were assembled, with an average length of 601 bp. Based on homology searches, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene ontology (GO), and cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (KOG) analysis, 62,270 (36.88%) unigenes were annotated. Among them, 1,112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 889 genes were up-regulated and 223 genes were down-regulated after DIV1 infection. These genes were mainly annotated to the major metabolic processes such as fructose and mannose metabolism, carbon metabolism, and inositol phosphate metabolism. Among these metabolic pathways, the triosephosphate isomerase ( TPI ) family was the most eye-catching DEG as it participates in several metabolic processes. Three types of TPI, LvTPI-like, LvTPI-Blike , and LvTPI-Blike1 , were obtained for gene silencing by RNA interference. The results showed that LvTPI-like and LvTPI-Blike1 silencing caused a high mortality rate among L. vannamei . However, LvTPI-like and LvTPI-Blike silencing reduced DIV1 replication in DIV1-infected L. vannamei . All the results indicated that TPI-like genes play an important role during DIV1 infection, which provides valuable insight into the infection mechanism of DIV1 in shrimp and may aid in preventing viral diseases in shrimp culture.

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“…The viruses have caused devastation in the prawn hatchery industries of Thailand [ 11 ], China [ 10 ], India [ 12 ], Taiwan [ 13 ] and Indonesia [ 14 ]. Other viruses causing mortalities include Macrobrachium rosenbergii Taihu Virus (MrTV), a novel dicistrovirus associated with larval mortalities in China [ 15 ], Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) [ 16 ], and Decapod Iridescent Virus (DIV1) [ 17 ]. Other pathogens have been identified to infect M. rosenbergii without large mortalities including: Macrobrachium Parvo-like Virus (MPV) [ 18 ] and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel RNA Virus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Golda Virus (MrGV), Linked to Mass Mortalities of the Larval Giant Freshwater Prawn in Bangladesh

Hooper

Debnath

Biswas³

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Mass mortalities of the larval stage of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, have been occurring in Bangladesh since 2011. Mortalities can reach 100% and have resulted in an 80% decline in the number of hatcheries actively producing M. rosenbergii. To investigate a causative agent for the mortalities, a disease challenge was carried out using infected material from a hatchery experiencing mortalities. Moribund larvae from the challenge were prepared for metatranscriptomic sequencing. De novo virus assembly revealed a 29 kb single‑stranded positive-sense RNA virus with similarities in key protein motif sequences to yellow head virus (YHV), an RNA virus that causes mass mortalities in marine shrimp aquaculture, and other viruses in the Nidovirales order. Primers were designed against the novel virus and used to screen cDNA from larvae sampled from hatcheries in the South of Bangladesh from two consecutive years. Larvae from all hatcheries screened from both years were positive by PCR for the novel virus, including larvae from a hatchery that at the point of sampling appeared healthy, but later experienced mortalities. These screens suggest that the virus is widespread in M. rosenbergii hatchery culture in southern Bangladesh, and that early detection of the virus can be achieved by PCR. The hypothesised protein motifs of Macrobrachium rosenbergii golda virus (MrGV) suggest that it is likely to be a new species within the Nidovirales order. Biosecurity measures should be taken in order to mitigate global spread through the movement of post-larvae within and between countries, which has previously been linked to other virus outbreaks in crustacean aquaculture.

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Description of a Natural Infection with Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 in Farmed Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Cited by 76 publications

References 28 publications

Susceptibility of Exopalaemon carinicauda to the Infection with Shrimp Hemocyte Iridescent Virus (SHIV 20141215), a Strain of Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1)

Susceptibility of Exopalaemon carinicauda to the Infection with Shrimp Hemocyte Iridescent Virus (SHIV 20141215), a Strain of Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1)

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Litopenaeus vannamei Reveals That Triosephosphate Isomerase-Like Genes Play an Important Role During Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 Infection

A Novel RNA Virus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Golda Virus (MrGV), Linked to Mass Mortalities of the Larval Giant Freshwater Prawn in Bangladesh

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