Description and comparative genomic analysis of a mcr-1-carrying Escherichia coli ST683/CC155 recovered from touristic coastal water in Northeastern Brazil
“…On the other hand, sul 1 and sul 2 were the most abundant AMR genes in the coastal mariculture system in China [ 52 ]. The absence of mcr -1, mcr -2, and mcr -3 was observed in this study, which is in contrast to a recent study in Brazil which found mcr -1 in E. coli isolated from coastal waters [ 53 ]. These differences in the geographical distribution of AMR contamination for coastal environments suggest that the processes of AMR contamination and persistence can vary widely from region to region.…”
The occurrence of waterborne antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in areas of high-density oyster cultivation is an ongoing environmental and public health threat given the popularity of shellfish consumption, water-related human recreation throughout coastal Thailand, and the geographical expansion of Thailand’s shellfish industry. This study characterized the association of phenotypic and genotypic AMR, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, and virulence genes isolated from waterborne Escherichia coli (E. coli) (n = 84), Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) subsp. enterica (n = 12), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) (n = 249), and Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) (n = 39) from Thailand’s coastal aquaculture regions. All Salmonella (100.0%) and half of V. cholerae (51.3%) isolates harbored their unique virulence gene, invA and ompW, respectively. The majority of isolates of V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli, ~25% of S. enterica subsp. enterica, and ~12% of V. cholerae, exhibited phenotypic AMR to multiple antimicrobials, with 8.9% of all coastal water isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR). Taken together, we recommend that coastal water quality surveillance programs include monitoring for bacterial AMR for food safety and recreational water exposure to water for Thailand’s coastal water resources.
“…On the other hand, sul 1 and sul 2 were the most abundant AMR genes in the coastal mariculture system in China [ 52 ]. The absence of mcr -1, mcr -2, and mcr -3 was observed in this study, which is in contrast to a recent study in Brazil which found mcr -1 in E. coli isolated from coastal waters [ 53 ]. These differences in the geographical distribution of AMR contamination for coastal environments suggest that the processes of AMR contamination and persistence can vary widely from region to region.…”
The occurrence of waterborne antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in areas of high-density oyster cultivation is an ongoing environmental and public health threat given the popularity of shellfish consumption, water-related human recreation throughout coastal Thailand, and the geographical expansion of Thailand’s shellfish industry. This study characterized the association of phenotypic and genotypic AMR, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, and virulence genes isolated from waterborne Escherichia coli (E. coli) (n = 84), Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) subsp. enterica (n = 12), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) (n = 249), and Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) (n = 39) from Thailand’s coastal aquaculture regions. All Salmonella (100.0%) and half of V. cholerae (51.3%) isolates harbored their unique virulence gene, invA and ompW, respectively. The majority of isolates of V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli, ~25% of S. enterica subsp. enterica, and ~12% of V. cholerae, exhibited phenotypic AMR to multiple antimicrobials, with 8.9% of all coastal water isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR). Taken together, we recommend that coastal water quality surveillance programs include monitoring for bacterial AMR for food safety and recreational water exposure to water for Thailand’s coastal water resources.
“…Alarmingly, increasing reports of WHO critical priority Gram-negative pathogens (MCR-type, carbapenemaseand/or ESBL-producing bacteria) on the Brazilian coast have been occurred in the last decade, which may indicate, in part, the adaptation of such pathogens in the sea. In this regard, the occurrence of such bacteria was documented in coastal waters from in densely coastal areas (Montezzi et al, 2015;Campana et al, 2017;Fernandes et al, 2017Fernandes et al, , 2020aPaschoal et al, 2017;Sellera et al, 2017a;Corrêa et al, 2021;Furlan et al, 2021;Cordeiro-Moura et al, 2022), in marine fishes (Sellera et al, 2018a) and benthic invertebrates (Sellera et al, 2018b;Monte et al, 2019;Fernandes et al, 2020b), and also infecting penguins (Sellera et al, 2017b;Wink et al, 2021), a sea turtle (Goldberg et al, 2019), and a dolphin (Fuentes-Castillo et al, 2021b). More specifically, the presence of NDM-1-producing bacteria have been so far identified in K. pneumoniae and Acinetobacter chengduensis from coastal waters of Rio de Janeiro (Campana et al, 2017;Paschoal et al, 2017;Corrêa et al, 2021), whereas a single case of E. coli carrying bla NDM−1 infecting a penguin was also documented in the South coast of Brazil (Wink et al, 2021).…”
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales are rapidly spreading and adapting to different environments beyond hospital settings. During COVID-19 lockdown, a carbapenem-resistant NDM-1-positive Escherichia coli isolate (BA01 strain) was recovered from a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps), which was found stranded on the southern coast of Brazil. BA01 strain belonged to the global sequence type (ST) 162 and carried the blaNDM–1, besides other medically important antimicrobial resistance genes. Additionally, genes associated with resistance to heavy metals, biocides, and glyphosate were also detected. Halophilic behavior (tolerance to > 10% NaCl) of BA01 strain was confirmed by tolerance tests of NaCl minimal inhibitory concentration, whereas halotolerance associated genes katE and nhaA, which encodes for catalase and Na+/H+ antiporter cytoplasmic membrane, respectively, were in silico confirmed. Phylogenomics clustered BA01 with poultry- and human-associated ST162 lineages circulating in European and Asian countries. Important virulence genes, including the astA (a gene encoding an enterotoxin associated with human and animal infections) were detected, whereas in vivo experiments using the Galleria mellonella infection model confirmed the virulent behavior of the BA01 strain. WHO critical priority carbapenemase-producing pathogens in coastal water are an emerging threat that deserves the urgent need to assess the role of the aquatic environment in its global epidemiology.
“…1 ). The presence of this gene in a variety of plasmids highlights its ability to spread (Table 1 ) [ 17 , 19 , 52 – 89 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Polymyxins and The Plasmid Resistance Genementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cordeiro-Moura et al [ 89 ] detected the presence of mcr-1 in an E. coli strain isolated from a river sample in João Pessoa, Paraíba, as part of a project to analyze bacterial resistance in coastal waters. The strain isolated with the gene had an MIC of 4 µg/mL.…”
Section: Environmental Incidence Of the
Mcr
Genementioning
The incidence of infections caused by resistant Gram-negative pathogens has become a critical factor in public health due to the limitation of therapeutic options for the control of infections caused, especially, by
Enterobacteriaceae
(
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
),
Pseudomonas
spp., and
Acinetobacter
spp. Thus, given the increase in resistant pathogens and the reduction of therapeutic options, polymyxins were reintroduced into the clinic. As the last treatment option, polymyxins were regarded as the therapeutic key, since they were one of the few classes of antimicrobials that had activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Nonetheless, over the years, the frequent use of this antimicrobial has led to reports of resistance cases. In 2015,
mcr
(
mobile colistin resistanc
e), a colistin resistance gene, was described in China. Due to its location on carrier plasmids, this gene is characterized by rapid spread through conjugation. It has thus been classified as a rising threat to public health worldwide. In conclusion, based on several reports that show the emergence of
mcr
in different regional and climatic contexts and species of isolates, this work aims to review the literature on the incidence of the
mcr
gene in Brazil in different regions, types of samples identified, species of isolates, and type of carrier plasmid.
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