Descrição morfológica de duas espécies de Sapajus encontradas na Paraíba: S. libidinosus e o recém-redescoberto e já criticamente ameaçado S. flavius

Abstract

RESUMO.-Sapajus flavius e S. libidinosus são duas espécies de macacos-prego encontrados no Estado da Paraíba. S. flavius ou macaco-prego-galego foi recentemente redescoberto e está criticamente ameaçado de extinção, sendo encontrado em fragmentos remanescentes de mata Atlântica do litoral do RN, PB, PE e AL. S. libidinosus tem uma distribuição e população maior, coexistindo de S. flavius na PB, entretanto, ocupando o oeste da PB, na caatinga. Frente à lacuna no conhecimento sobre estas espécies foi realizada a descrição morfológica das mesmas, envolvendo biometria externa, dos órgãos do trato gastrointestinal, topografia visceral e a descrição anatômica. Apesar da literatura descrever S. flavius como o menor dos Sapajus, concluímos que não há diferenças morfológicas entre as espécies estudadas. Tais informações servem de subsídios para melhores manejos visando a conservação das espécies e ajudando na classificação taxonômica desse gênero recentemente modificado. INTRODUÇÃOO macaco-prego-dourado ou macaco-prego-galego (Sapajus flavius) é uma espécie de macaco-prego que há muito se acreditava estar extinta, sendo redescoberta recentemente (Pontes et al. 2006 rromaoguerra@gmail.com Sapajus flavius and S. libidinosus are two species of capuchin monkeys found in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. S. flavius or Macgrave´s capuchin monkey was recently rediscovered and is now critically endangered, found only in remaining fragments of Atlantic forest in the coastal region of the Brazian Northeast. S. libidinosus has a larger population and distribution, coexisting with S. flavius in Paraíba, however living in the western part of the state, in the semi-arid. Since there is a lack of knowledge about these species, a morphologic description of them was made, involving external and gastrointestinal tract biometry, visceral topography and anatomic description. Although the literature describes S. flavius as the smaller monkey of the Sapajus genus, we conclude that there are no morphological differences between these species. Such information contributes to best management practices for conservation of the species and to the correct taxonomic classification of the genus recently modified.

Trachea and lung anatomy applied to clinical and surgical procedures in Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823)

“…Four lobes were identified in the right lung: cranial, middle, caudal, and accessory, confirming the description made on S libidinosus and S flavius , that is similar to the baboon ( Papio anubis ), and to common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ), that also have four lobes on the right side. The pulmonary lobation of S libidinosus is similar to other mammalian species such as crab‐eating raccoon ( Procyon.…”

“…There are two lobes in the left lung, one cranial and one caudal, separated by the interlobar fissure . This lobe is also described for C jacchus by Falcão et al in eight animals in their study but the ninth animal presented an accessory lobe in the left lung .…”

“…The lung of the S libidinosus was inside the thoracic cavity between the second intercostal space and the 12th intercostal space that differs from humans and the coati ( Nasua nasua ) that present the lung inside the cavity between the 1st and 10th ribs. Both roots of the lungs and thread of the monkeys were similar to those observed in the domestic species …”

“…There are two lobes in the left lung, one cranial and one caudal, separated by the interlobar fissure. 18 This lobe is also described for C jacchus by Falcão et al in eight animals in their study but the ninth animal presented an accessory lobe in the left lung. 20 The pulmonary lobation found in the present study was similar to that found for other species not included in the primate group such as the coati, 17 crab-eating racoon, 21 striped hog-nosed skunk, 22 and horses.…”

Techniques Used by Bearded Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) to Access Water in a Semi-Arid Environment of North-Eastern Brazil

“…Although our observations were limited to 1 case, the use of the tail to collect water may be a strategy to cope with a water source not accessible manually, as observed for black spider monkeys [Ferrari, 1991]. The semi-prehensile tail of the bearded capuchin monkeys is, indeed, about 1.5 times longer than its forelimbs [Bacalhao et al, 2016]. The use of a branch as a tool to obtain water by the same individual is especially remarkable.…”