Describing the Medial Longitudinal Arch Using Footprint Indices and a Clinical Grading System

Queen, Robin M.; Mall, Nathan A.; Hardaker, William T.; Nunley, James A.

doi:10.3113/fai.2007.0456

Cited by 111 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Villarroya et al [32] also found a significant correlation between footprint-based CA and CSI methods and radiography-based talus-first metatarsal and calcaneal inclination angles. According to a study by Queen et al [27], the inter-rater reliabilities of the CSI and AI were both 0.96, and the between-day reliabilities of the CSI and AI were both 0.91. Because footprint collection requires less time than other methods and can be performed even on a noncooperative child with some assistance, it has been recognized as a simple, effective tool for massive screening for flatfoot in preschool-aged children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Footprint analysis of flatfoot in preschool-aged children

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our aim in this study was to analyze the footprint measurements of flatfoot in a population of preschool-aged children. Three footprint measurements, the Clarke's angle (CA), Chippaux-Smirak index (CSI), and Staheli arch index (AI), were used for comparison with clinical diagnosis. A total of 2,638 static footprints of children aged from 3 to 6 years were recorded. The clinical diagnosis as a gold standard compared with the results of the CA, CSI, and AI and displayed in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In order to illustrate the diagnostic accuracy in clinical settings, their likelihood ratios were calculated given their cutoff points, and their pretest/posttest probabilities were plotted as the Fagan nomogram. The optimal cutoff points for CA, CSI, and AI were 14.04°, 62.70%, and 107.42%, respectively, and all of them showed high sensitivity. The areas under curves were 0.91, 0.95, and 0.92, respectively. The positive predictive values were 0.84, 0.91, and 0.85, and the negative predictive values were 0.82, 0.85, and 0.85, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio values for CA, CSI, and AI were 4.09, 7.52, and 4.61, and the negative likelihood ratio values were 0.18, 0.14, and 0.13, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that footprint analysis methods are suitable for diagnosing flatfoot in preschool-aged children, and that the most appropriate cutoffs are as follows: CA ≤ 14.04°, CSI > 62.70%, and AI > 107.42%. The CSI had a predictive probability of more than 90% and is recommended in screening for flatfoot in preschool-aged children.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Footprint analysis of flatfoot in preschool-aged children

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…17 Numerous studies have attempted to address the issue of comparing medial longitudinal arch height between subject groups by normalizing arch height to foot length or truncated foot length to produce an arch index. 18,19 Because of the significant differences in 9 of the 10 foot anthropometry measures between the two groups in this study, plantar arch height (the only nonsignificant value) was divided by truncated foot length to further investigate this finding. When normalized to truncated foot length, the plantar arch index was significantly less in the obese children compared to the non-obese children (mean±s.d., 0.085±0.018 and 0.098±0.017, respectively, Po0.001).…”

Section: External Foot Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the feet of obese children fat or flat? Revisiting the debate

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: There is debate as to the effects of obesity on the developing feet of children. We aimed to determine whether the flatter foot structure characteristic of obese primary school-aged children was due to increased medial midfoot plantar fat pad thickness (fat feet) or due to structural lowering of the longitudinal arch (flat feet). Methods and procedures: Participants were 75 obese children (8.3±1.1 years, 26 boys, BMI 25.2±3.6 kg m À2 ) and 75 age-and sex-matched non-obese children (8.3 ± 0.9 years, BMI 15.9 ± 1.4 kg m À2 ). Height, weight and foot dimensions were measured with standard instrumentation. Medial midfoot plantar fat pad thickness and internal arch height were quantified using ultrasonography. Results: Obese children had significantly greater medial midfoot fat pad thickness relative to the leaner children during both non-weight bearing (5.4 and 4.6 mm, respectively; Po0.001) and weight bearing (4.7 and 4.3 mm, respectively; Po0.001). The obese children also displayed a lowered medial longitudinal arch height when compared to their leaner counterparts (23.5 and 24.5 mm, respectively; P ¼ 0.006). Conclusion: Obese children had significantly fatter and flatter feet compared to normal weight children. The functional and clinical relevance of the increased fatness and flatness values for the obese children remains unknown.

show abstract

“…Methods using the 2D footprint of the foot have an advantage in a simple application and calculation. According to some sources they show a good repeatability (Nikolaidou, 2006) and inter-and intra-observer reliability (Queen, 2007). However, the bones, the soft tissue, and the associated joint stresses inside the foot were less investigated and remained unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploitation of Stereophotogrammetric Measurement of a Foot in Analysis of Plantar Pressure Distribution

Pankova

Koudelka

Pavelka

et al. 2016

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:Stereophotogrammetry as a method for the surface scanning can be used to capture some properties of the human body parts. The objective of this study is to quantify the foot stress distribution in 3D during its quasi-static stand using a footprint into an imprinting material when knowing its mechanical properties. One foot of a female, having the mass of 65kg, was chosen for the FEM foot model construction. After obtaining her foot imprint to the dental imprinting material, its positive plaster cast was created, whose surface was possible to scan using stereophotogrammetry. The imprint surface digital model was prepared with the help of the Konica-Minolta Vivid 9i triangulation scanner. This procedure provides the measured object models in a high resolution. The resulting surface mesh of the foot imprint involved 9.600 nodes and 14.000 triangles, approximately, after reduction due to the FEM analysis. Simulation of foot imprint was solved as the 3D time dependent nonlinear mechanical problem in the ADINA software. The sum of vertical reactions calculated at the contact area nodes was 320.5 N, which corresponds to the mass of 32.67 kg. This value is in a good agreement with the subject half weight -the load of one foot during its quasi-static stand. The partial pressures resulting from this mathematical model match the real pressures on the interface of the foot and imprinting material quite closely. Principally, these simulations can be used to assess the contact pressures in practical cases, e.g., between a foot and its footwear.

show abstract

Describing the Medial Longitudinal Arch Using Footprint Indices and a Clinical Grading System

Cited by 111 publications

References 16 publications

Footprint analysis of flatfoot in preschool-aged children

Footprint analysis of flatfoot in preschool-aged children

Are the feet of obese children fat or flat? Revisiting the debate

Exploitation of Stereophotogrammetric Measurement of a Foot in Analysis of Plantar Pressure Distribution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About