Describing Inequalities in Access to Employment and the Associated Geography of Wellbeing

Gibb, Kenneth; Osland, Liv; Pryce, Gwilym

doi:10.1177/0042098013498283

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We differ from Cohen and Brown (2017) in that we focus on the houses rather than on commercial real estates. Gibb, Osland and Pryce (2014) consider multiple employment centers of varying size. With data from Glasgow, Scotland, they estimate that the monetary value of access to urban employment contributes around 13% of the average value of a house.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Subway on House Prices: Evidence from Shanghai

Zhou

Chen

Han

et al. 2019

Real Estate Economics

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Within the context of a transition economy, this article estimates how improved access to employment centers is capitalized into house price. We conduct an event study for the opening of subway Line 6 in Pudong district, Shanghai, China. The new line significantly reduces the commuting time to major employment centers. Other things being equal, easier commutes to the central business district center result in an average house price appreciation of 3.75%, with the most distant residential zone enjoying the largest appreciation. When taking into account multiple employment centers, we find that the largest source of appreciation is from an improved access to a suburb center with poor initial accessibility and attractive job opportunities. Finally, the total appreciation caused by time savings to major employment centers decreases with neighborhood income level and increases with the distance from Line 6 stations.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Subway on House Prices: Evidence from Shanghai

Zhou

Chen

Han

et al. 2019

Real Estate Economics

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“…The first round of objections to the validity of the SWB approach focused on questioning whether respondents all interpret the subjective scale in the same manner. However, although measurement of SWB appears to rely on an assumption of individual rationality (which a large literature on cognitive bias tells us is unwarranted), SWB has been demonstrated to correlate reliably with many objective measures, such as age [17], income [18], genetics [19], relationships, discrimination against sexual minorities [20], parenting [21], employment and health [22][23][24], innovation [25], living arrangements [26,27], migration [28,29], empowerment [30], environment [31] and mixtures of all the above [32] (although a reviewer of this paper notes a research gap in the meta-analysis of studies of this nature). SWB is also less susceptible than might be thought to measurement bias caused by differences between nations and cultures [33].…”

Section: The Importance Of Subjective Well-being and Limits To Its Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Models of Well-Being to Inform Policy: Problems and Opportunities

Cooper

2020

Sustainability

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Subjective well-being, in contrast to other commonly used performance metrics such as gross domestic product, appears to offer a way to directly measure what society aims to achieve. Subjective well-being modeling to date has been restricted to regression analysis. This paper synthesizes and critiques existing literature and case studies to examine the challenges and opportunities presented by more advanced computations of well-being, including spatial, optimizing and spatial-optimizing models, which may well be created by researchers in the future if current policy level interest in well-being continues to grow. Subjective well-being is a promising measure, especially in light of recent research that shows reliable correlations with objective measures. However, the issue of individual adaptation means that excessive focus on subjective well-being may discriminate against groups with lower expectations and higher ability and/or willingness to adapt. Alternative approaches such as equivalent income may address this issue, at the expense of being harder to measure. Through an examination of four case studies and one thought experiment, we find that modeling challenges include nonlinearity, interaction, spatial sorting and extrapolation beyond valid limits. A significant research gap is found in how individual well-being scores should be aggregated to a collective one; this is a normative question although descriptive ethics would appear to offer a practical approach.

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“…In the short run, prices in the labour market are assumed to be close to the equilibrium level, and workers and firms are relatively immobile (Gibb et al 2014). This endogeneity issue is then expected to be less relevant in the case of labour market outcomes.…”

Section: Spatial Mismatch and Labour Market Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial mismatch, wages and unemployment in metropolitan areas in Brazil

Barufi

Haddad

2017

REGION

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Abstract. The spatial mismatch hypothesis states that a lack of connection to job opportunities may affect an individual's prospects in the labour market, especially for low-skilled workers. This phenomenon is especially observed in large urban areas, in which low-skilled minorities tend to live far away from jobs and face geographical barriers to finding and keeping jobs. This paper aims to investigate whether this negative relationship between spatial mismatch and labour market outcomes is valid in Brazil after controlling for individual characteristics. Our conclusions indicate that there is no clear relation between different measures of accessibility to jobs and the probability of being unemployed. However, for wages there is a clear correlation, which is stronger in larger metropolitan areas than in the country and has a more detrimental effect for low-skilled workers. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the spatial mismatch in urban labour markets in Brazil. For the empirical literature in the country, this is an original contribution, as the comparison of intra-urban labour market dynamics of different urban areas provide a more comprehensive perspective of the role city size may play in local labour markets. Given the exploratory nature of this work, our results still rely on strong identification hypotheses to avoid potential bias related to simultaneous location decisions of workers and firms within the city. Even if these conditions do not hold, the results are still meaningful as they provide a better understanding of the conditional distribution of wages and the unemployment rate in the biggest metropolitan areas of Brazil.JEL classification: R32, J64, J31

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Describing Inequalities in Access to Employment and the Associated Geography of Wellbeing

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

The Effect of a Subway on House Prices: Evidence from Shanghai

The Effect of a Subway on House Prices: Evidence from Shanghai

Quantitative Models of Well-Being to Inform Policy: Problems and Opportunities

Spatial mismatch, wages and unemployment in metropolitan areas in Brazil

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